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AANP Exam > GU > Flashcards

GU Flashcards

1
Q

Most common pathogen causing UTI

A

E. Coli

Gram neg bacilli from the gut = 80%

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2
Q

1st line treatment for UTI
Course of tx?

A

Nitrofurantoin
M= 7-10d
F= 3d
Pts with comorbid conditions = 7-10d

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3
Q

What is the indication for phenazopyradine?

A

Anti-spasmodic- can be prescribed for UTI to prevent bladder spasm
SI- orange urine

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4
Q

Indication for fluvoxate?

A

Anti-spasmodic- prevent bladder spasm in UTI - makes urine bright orange

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5
Q

Who do you prescribe cephalosporins to with UTIs?

A

Reserve for pregnant ppl and Children

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6
Q

indication to follow-up with UTI

A

If blood present in the urine- ensure eradication with treatment to r/o cancer

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7
Q

Preferred medicine for OAB

A

Mirabegron

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8
Q

Post-menopausal women with OAB tx

A

Estrogen topical
Peasized amount in general genital area
Once daily x 2-4 wks
The twice weekly

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9
Q

Nitrites in urine indicate what?

A

Gram negative bacteria ie. ecoli

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10
Q

Causes of elevated BUN x4?

Low BUN?

A

Elevated- Renal Injury / high protein diet / hemolysis / CHF

Low- liver damage

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11
Q

What type of Casts in UA indicate:
Normal?
Infx?
Glomeural dysfunction?

A

N- Hyaline
Infx- WBC
Glomerular dx- RBC

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12
Q

Pt has a + Urine dip for protein. What is this measuring?
What should you order?

A

Albumin in urine——- NOT microambumin
Order 24h Urine

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13
Q

Causes of hematuria x5

A

Renal Colic
Cystitis
Pyelo
Cancer
Menses contam.

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14
Q

Treatment of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria

A

None EXCEPT Pregnant persons!

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15
Q

UTI’s in what population are more likely to become Pyelo

A

Children <3y & Pregnant person

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16
Q

Multiple bacteria on Urine C&S suggests what?

A

Sample contamination

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17
Q

Uncomplicated UTIs treatment

A

Septra (TMP/SMX) x 3d ——20% resistance rates
If likely resistant or allergic to sulfa-
Nitrofurantoin x 5d

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18
Q

What/ who are considered Complicated UTIs?
Considerations for treatment?

A

** Must treat for a minimum of 7d
Men
Children
Pregnant persons
Ppl with comorbid conditions
Immunocompromised
Recurrent UTI’s
Anatomical abnormalities

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19
Q

Recurrent UTI definition

A

F- >/= 3 per year or 2 in 6 months
Never normal in Males

R/o structural abnormalities/ other etiology

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20
Q

If UTI symptoms persist beyond 48-72 with abx treatment- what’s next?

A

Order C&S and UA
Change abx and extend course to 7 days

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21
Q

UTI definition (organism count)

A

> 100 000 CFU/mL of one organism

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22
Q

Pyelonephritis treated with Quinolones (ie. Ciprofloxacin or Levofloxacin) can be treated for ____ days

A

7 days = shorter

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23
Q

Describe Kidney position

A

Retroperitoneal at CVA
R is lower than L due to displacement by Liver

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24
Q

+++ Squamous epithelial cells in urine mean ?

A

Contamination

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25
Q

Normal WBC count?
Normal Neuts ?

A

WBC- 10.5
Neuts- > 80%

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26
Q

Presence of band or stabs in CBC indicate what?

A

Serious bacterial infx

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27
Q

Spermicides do what to females?

A

Increase risk of UTI

28
Q

Oliguria is ?

A

< 400 ml urine / day

29
Q

Normal urine output

A

1500 cc / day

30
Q

RPR & VDRL are used for what?

A

Screening tests for syphillis
Non-treponemal
If + order treponemal test

31
Q

What test is confirmatory of syphallis ?

A

FTA-ABS - treponemal test

32
Q

Tx Primary/ secondary/ early latent (<1yr)

Tx latent (>1yr)

A

Pen G 2.4 million U IM x1
Latent = x 3

33
Q

T/F-
1. If a patient tests positive for gonorrhea, always treat for chlamydia.
2. If a patient tests positive for chlamydia and negative for gonorrhea- treat for both.

A
  1. TRUE
  2. False
34
Q

Gonorrhea treatment

A

Ceftriaxone IM x1
+ chlamydia treatment

35
Q

Chlamydia treatment

A

Azithryomycin x 1 or doxy x 7d

36
Q

NAAT are highly sensitive for what STIs?

A

Chlamydia & Gonorrhea

Collected via urine (pref for males) / SWAB of vag/crevix/urethra/pharynx/rectum

37
Q

If infected with G&C- when do you test for cure?
If pregnant?

A

3 months
3 weeks

38
Q

PID / Proctitis treatment

A

Ceftriaxone IM x 1 + Doxy x 14d +/- Metronidazole x 14d

39
Q

Treponema Pallidum causes what dx?

A

Syphilis

40
Q

Test of cure for syphilis

A

RPR or VRDL at 6 and 12 months after treatment

41
Q

Treating sexual partners- syphilis

A

Within 90 days even if screening test neg

42
Q

T/F- acute retroviral syndrome / primary HIV = flu like symptoms - non contagious time

A

FALSE- highly contagious time- treat HIV ASAP

43
Q

What locations are most common of HSV-1 vs HSV-2

A

HSV-1 = oral mucosa
HSV - 2 = genitals

44
Q

STD symptoms + new swollen knee pain (or other joint)- think——?

A

Disseminated gonorrhoea infection

45
Q

Acute febrile reaction within 24 hours after treatment of syphilis or lymes disease

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer Rxn

46
Q

Fitz-Hugh- Curtis syndrome/ perihepatitis ?

A

Gonorrhea and/or chlamydia infx of the liver capsule

47
Q

HIV tests

A

HIV 1 & 2antibodies
P24 antigen
—— if + the lab will differentiate antibodies
If inconclusive- order HIV RNA

48
Q

Viral load measuring in HIV?
What is successful treatment?

A

Number of HIV RNA in 1ml of plasma
Tx success = < 50 copies/ ml

49
Q

Increased CD4 count suggests what of HIV therapy?

A

Responding to ART = good!

Viral load decreases and CD4 count increases

50
Q

ELISA is screening test for ?

A

HIV

51
Q

Normal CD4 counts?

A

> 500 cells

52
Q

Monitoring viral load with HIV treatment?

A

Initial = q1-2 months until undetectable
Then q 3-4 months

53
Q

Thrush + Kaposis Sarcoma + pneumocystitis jirovecii are suggestive of what?

A

AIDS

54
Q

AIDS is defined by an absolute CD4 count less than?

A

200

55
Q

PCP prophylaxis in pts with HIV is when CD4 count is less than?

A

200

56
Q

Prophylactic PCP treatment is?

A

Bactrim
Sulfa allergy - Dapsone

57
Q

High risk oncogenes HPV types are ?

A

16 & 18

58
Q

1st episode treatment of herpes
Flare tx?

A

Antiviral (valcyclovir or acyclovir or famcyclovir) x 7-10 days
Same X 5 days

59
Q

What is imiquimod indicated for?

A

Immune modulator treatment for genital warts that can be used at home by pt

60
Q

Podofilox/ podophylla/ imiquimod are contraindicated in ———-

A

Pregnancy

61
Q

Tzanck smear is used to detect what infection

A

Varicella/ HSV

62
Q

Genital herpes treatment duration:
Primary-
Recurrent-

A

1st- 7-10d
Recurrent - 5d

63
Q

Bacterial vaginitis treatment

A

Metronidazole x 7d

64
Q

Trichamoniasis treatment
Partner?

A

Metronidazole x 1
Yes- treat partner at same time

65
Q

Western blot test

A

Confirms HIV dx

66
Q

Clue cells on saline wet mount ?

A

BV

AANP Exam (11 decks)

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