ENT

Question 1

Acute onset severe eye pain, photophobia, tearing and blurred vision in one eye. Flouriscine dye shows fern like lines on cornea.

Answer 1

Herpes Keratitis

Question 2

Elderly patient with acute onset severe eye pain with headache, nausea, haloes around lights, and decreased vision. Pupils have decreased reactivity and cornea appears cloudy.

Answer 2

Acute Angle closure glaucoma

Question 3

Swollen eye lid with proptosis, eye pain with movement.

Answer 3

Orbital cellulitis

Question 4

Sudden onset floaters with curtain sign and photopsia

Answer 4

Retinal detachment

Question 5

Cauliflower like gross with foul smelling ear discharge

Answer 5

Cholsteatoma- refer to otolaryngologist

Question 6

Presbyopia is caused by what?
Affects what vision type first?

Answer 6

• stiffening of the lenses- inability to accomodate
• near vision is affected

Question 7

What sinuses are present at birth

Answer 7

Ethmoid and maxillary

Question 8

When do frontal sinuses develop?
When are all sinuses developed?

Answer 8

Frontal- 5yrs
Sphenoid - last = by 12 yrs

Question 9

White to light gray patch on tongue or floor of the mouth or inside cheek

Answer 9

Leukoplakia- rule out oral cancer

Question 10

Painful shallow ulcers on soft tissue of mouth

Answer 10

Apthous ulcer/ stomatitis aka canker sores
- resolve 7-10 days
- treat symptoms- cause unknown

Question 11

Vermilion border-
Oral comissure-

Answer 11

Edge of lips
Corner of lips

Question 12

Salivary glands

Answer 12

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual

Question 13

Painless boney protuberance midline on the hard palate

Answer 13

Torus Palatinus = benign

Question 14

Tongue surface has a map like appearance with patches that move day to day

Answer 14

Geographic tongue = benign

Question 15

Cluster of small sized read papules with white centres inside the cheeks by the lower molars

Answer 15

Kopliks spots
= measles

Question 16

Hairy leukoplakia associated with what?

Answer 16

HIV
-caused by EBV infx of tongue

Question 17

Hyperopia

Answer 17

Far sightedness

Question 18

Myopia

Answer 18

Near sightedness

Question 19

Parts of the ear affected by conductive hearing loss?

Answer 19

Outer & middle

Question 20

Parts of the ear affected in sensorineural hearing loss?

Answer 20

Inner ear or CN 8

Question 21

Example of sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 21

Ménière’s disease, presbycusis

Question 22

Antibiotic eardrops with ruptured Tympanic membrane

Answer 22

Ofloxacin

Question 23

Classes of Ototoxic medications- x 7

Answer 23

Abx = tetracyclines + macrolides + aminoglycosides
Anti- malarials + anti- neoplastics + anti-inflammatory
Loop diuretics

Question 24

Rinne test results in Conductive & Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Answer 24

Conductive - BC> AC
SN- AC > BC

Question 25

Bleeding in Kiesselbachs plexus =

Answer 25

Anterior nose bleeds - tx with pressure 1st

Question 26

What nose bleed type can lead to hemorrhage

Answer 26

Posterior

Question 27

Rhinitis medicamentosa is caused by what?

Answer 27

Overuse of topical nasal decongestant >3d

Question 28

What antihistamine class are less sedating? 2 examples?

Answer 28

2nd generation ie. cetirizine / loratadine

Question 29

Group A Strep throat treatment

Answer 29

Penicillin V x 10d

Question 30

Most common organism in acute otitis media?

Answer 30

S. Pneumoniae Then H.flu

Question 31

Middle ear effusions can persist for long post treatment of otitis media?

Answer 31

8 weeks or more

Question 32

1st line tx for AOM (if no abx within 1 month)

Answer 32

Amoxicillin x 5-7d

Question 33

Pt with AOE has been treated with amoxicillin for 48h and symptoms have no improvement- what do you do?

Answer 33

Change to amoxiclav x 5d

Question 34

Rhinosinusitis is most commonly caused by ———-. How long do you watch and wait before adding antibiotics? What abx?

Answer 34

Viral 10 days Amoxicillin or amoxiclav

Question 35

Treatment of rhinosinusitis with penicillin allergy

Answer 35

Doxycycline

Question 36

Otitis externa common pathogens and treatment

Answer 36

S. aureus & pseudomonas Polymyxin B + hydrocortisone gtts x 7d Or Ofloxacin/ ciprofloxacin gtts x 7d

Question 37

First line treatment for allergic rhinitis

Answer 37

Nasal steroids i.e. fluticasone

Question 38

Benadryl / diphenhydramine is what generation of antihistamine

Answer 38

1st = more sedating

Question 39

Pen allergic pts use what 2 classes instead?

Answer 39

Macrolides Gram + coverage- quinolones

Question 40

What class of medication’s has cross-reactivity with penicillin allergy

Answer 40

Cephalosporins

Question 41

Weber test lateralized to the bad year and what kind of hearing loss

Answer 41

Conductive

Question 42

20/ 40 vision means?

Answer 42

Pt sees at 20ft what normal vision can see at 40ft

Question 43

Common ceruminosis tx

Answer 43

Carbamide peroxide

Question 44

To assess for corneal abrasions and keratitis use ———

Answer 44

Fluorescein strips

Question 45

Raised yellow to white small round grows on the bulbar conjunctiva next to the cornea.

Answer 45

Pinguecula

Question 46

Yellow triangular thickening of conjunctiva that extends across the cornea

Answer 46

Pterygium

Question 47

External Hordeolum involves inflammation of what- Internal hordeolum -

Answer 47

Ext- Hair follicle & sebaceous gland Int- Meibomian gland -painful, infected, usually self resolve- warm compresses

Question 48

Inflammation of the meibomian gland of the eyelids- non-painful, hard.

Answer 48

Chalazion Usually resolve in 2-8 weeks Sometimes need cutting out

Question 49

Normal optic disc appearance and cup to disc ratio

Answer 49

Sharp outline < 0.5

Question 50

Normal intraocular pressure

Answer 50

8-21 mmhg

Question 51

Scotoma

Answer 51

Central vision blind spot- macular degenerations

Question 52

Describe intraoccular veins and arteries

Answer 52

Veins are larger, darker, and pulse

Question 53

When an artery crosses of them in the eye this is called

Answer 53

Arteriovenous nicking- 2nd to HTN

Question 54

What are the components of the Centor score

Answer 54

Cough absent Exudative/ swollen tonsils Nodes swollen- anterior cervical Temp- fever Ages 3-14 + 1 > 45y -1

Question 55

What centor score indicates need to test

Answer 55

> 2

Question 56

Treatment for Group A strep

Answer 56

Penicillin V x 10d

Question 57

Common diagnostic findings in mononucleosis

Answer 57

Lymphocytosis, atypical lymphocytes, elevated liver enzymes, splenomegaly

Question 58

Otitis media tx

Answer 58

Amoxicillin

Question 59

Bacterial rhinosinusitis tx

Answer 59

Amoxi-clav

Question 60

Otitis media with effusion tx

Answer 60

Oral decongestants Nasal steroid