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AANP Exam > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

Acute onset severe eye pain, photophobia, tearing and blurred vision in one eye. Flouriscine dye shows fern like lines on cornea.

A

Herpes Keratitis

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2
Q

Elderly patient with acute onset severe eye pain with headache, nausea, haloes around lights, and decreased vision. Pupils have decreased reactivity and cornea appears cloudy.

A

Acute Angle closure glaucoma

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3
Q

Swollen eye lid with proptosis, eye pain with movement.

A

Orbital cellulitis

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4
Q

Sudden onset floaters with curtain sign and photopsia

A

Retinal detachment

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5
Q

Cauliflower like gross with foul smelling ear discharge

A

Cholsteatoma- refer to otolaryngologist

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6
Q

Presbyopia is caused by what?
Affects what vision type first?

A
  • stiffening of the lenses- inability to accomodate
  • near vision is affected
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7
Q

What sinuses are present at birth

A

Ethmoid and maxillary

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8
Q

When do frontal sinuses develop?
When are all sinuses developed?

A

Frontal- 5yrs
Sphenoid - last = by 12 yrs

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9
Q

White to light gray patch on tongue or floor of the mouth or inside cheek

A

Leukoplakia- rule out oral cancer

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10
Q

Painful shallow ulcers on soft tissue of mouth

A

Apthous ulcer/ stomatitis aka canker sores
- resolve 7-10 days
- treat symptoms- cause unknown

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11
Q

Vermilion border-
Oral comissure-

A

Edge of lips
Corner of lips

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12
Q

Salivary glands

A

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual

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13
Q

Painless boney protuberance midline on the hard palate

A

Torus Palatinus = benign

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14
Q

Tongue surface has a map like appearance with patches that move day to day

A

Geographic tongue = benign

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15
Q

Cluster of small sized read papules with white centres inside the cheeks by the lower molars

A

Kopliks spots
= measles

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16
Q

Hairy leukoplakia associated with what?

A

HIV
-caused by EBV infx of tongue

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17
Q

Hyperopia

A

Far sightedness

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18
Q

Myopia

A

Near sightedness

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19
Q

Parts of the ear affected by conductive hearing loss?

A

Outer & middle

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20
Q

Parts of the ear affected in sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Inner ear or CN 8

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21
Q

Example of sensorineural hearing loss

A

Ménière’s disease, presbycusis

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22
Q

Antibiotic eardrops with ruptured Tympanic membrane

A

Ofloxacin

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23
Q

Classes of Ototoxic medications- x 7

A

Abx = tetracyclines + macrolides + aminoglycosides
Anti- malarials + anti- neoplastics + anti-inflammatory
Loop diuretics

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24
Q

Rinne test results in Conductive & Sensorineural Hearing Loss

A

Conductive - BC> AC
SN- AC > BC

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25
Q

Bleeding in Kiesselbachs plexus =

A

Anterior nose bleeds - tx with pressure 1st

26
Q

What nose bleed type can lead to hemorrhage

A

Posterior

27
Q

Rhinitis medicamentosa is caused by what?

A

Overuse of topical nasal decongestant >3d

28
Q

What antihistamine class are less sedating? 2 examples?

A

2nd generation ie. cetirizine / loratadine

29
Q

Group A Strep throat treatment

A

Penicillin V x 10d

30
Q

Most common organism in acute otitis media?

A

S. Pneumoniae
Then H.flu

31
Q

Middle ear effusions can persist for long post treatment of otitis media?

A

8 weeks or more

32
Q

1st line tx for AOM (if no abx within 1 month)

A

Amoxicillin x 5-7d

33
Q

Pt with AOE has been treated with amoxicillin for 48h and symptoms have no improvement- what do you do?

A

Change to amoxiclav x 5d

34
Q

Rhinosinusitis is most commonly caused by ———-.
How long do you watch and wait before adding antibiotics?
What abx?

A

Viral
10 days
Amoxicillin or amoxiclav

35
Q

Treatment of rhinosinusitis with penicillin allergy

A

Doxycycline

36
Q

Otitis externa common pathogens and treatment

A

S. aureus & pseudomonas
Polymyxin B + hydrocortisone gtts x 7d
Or
Ofloxacin/ ciprofloxacin gtts x 7d

37
Q

First line treatment for allergic rhinitis

A

Nasal steroids i.e. fluticasone

38
Q

Benadryl / diphenhydramine is what generation of antihistamine

A

1st = more sedating

39
Q

Pen allergic pts use what 2 classes instead?

A

Macrolides
Gram + coverage- quinolones

40
Q

What class of medication’s has cross-reactivity with penicillin allergy

A

Cephalosporins

41
Q

Weber test lateralized to the bad year and what kind of hearing loss

A

Conductive

42
Q

20/ 40 vision means?

A

Pt sees at 20ft what normal vision can see at 40ft

43
Q

Common ceruminosis tx

A

Carbamide peroxide

44
Q

To assess for corneal abrasions and keratitis use ———

A

Fluorescein strips

45
Q

Raised yellow to white small round grows on the bulbar conjunctiva next to the cornea.

A

Pinguecula

46
Q

Yellow triangular thickening of conjunctiva that extends across the cornea

A

Pterygium

47
Q

External Hordeolum involves inflammation of what-
Internal hordeolum -

A

Ext- Hair follicle & sebaceous gland
Int- Meibomian gland
-painful, infected, usually self resolve- warm compresses

48
Q

Inflammation of the meibomian gland of the eyelids- non-painful, hard.

A

Chalazion
Usually resolve in 2-8 weeks
Sometimes need cutting out

49
Q

Normal optic disc appearance and cup to disc ratio

A

Sharp outline
< 0.5

50
Q

Normal intraocular pressure

A

8-21 mmhg

51
Q

Scotoma

A

Central vision blind spot- macular degenerations

52
Q

Describe intraoccular veins and arteries

A

Veins are larger, darker, and pulse

53
Q

When an artery crosses of them in the eye this is called

A

Arteriovenous nicking- 2nd to HTN

54
Q

What are the components of the Centor score

A

Cough absent
Exudative/ swollen tonsils
Nodes swollen- anterior cervical
Temp- fever
Ages 3-14 + 1
> 45y -1

55
Q

What centor score indicates need to test

A

> 2

56
Q

Treatment for Group A strep

A

Penicillin V x 10d

57
Q

Common diagnostic findings in mononucleosis

A

Lymphocytosis, atypical lymphocytes, elevated liver enzymes, splenomegaly

58
Q

Otitis media tx

A

Amoxicillin

59
Q

Bacterial rhinosinusitis tx

A

Amoxi-clav

60
Q

Otitis media with effusion tx

A

Oral decongestants
Nasal steroid

AANP Exam (11 decks)

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