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AANP Exam > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

Acute onset severe eye pain, photophobia, tearing and blurred vision in one eye. Flouriscine dye shows fern like lines on cornea.

A

Herpes Keratitis

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2
Q

Elderly patient with acute onset severe eye pain with headache, nausea, haloes around lights, and decreased vision. Pupils have decreased reactivity and cornea appears cloudy.

A

Acute Angle closure glaucoma

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3
Q

Swollen eye lid with proptosis, eye pain with movement.

A

Orbital cellulitis

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4
Q

Sudden onset floaters with curtain sign and photopsia

A

Retinal detachment

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5
Q

Cauliflower like gross with foul smelling ear discharge

A

Cholsteatoma- refer to otolaryngologist

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6
Q

Presbyopia is caused by what?
Affects what vision type first?

A
  • stiffening of the lenses- inability to accomodate
  • near vision is affected
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7
Q

What sinuses are present at birth

A

Ethmoid and maxillary

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8
Q

When do frontal sinuses develop?
When are all sinuses developed?

A

Frontal- 5yrs
Sphenoid - last = by 12 yrs

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9
Q

White to light gray patch on tongue or floor of the mouth or inside cheek

A

Leukoplakia- rule out oral cancer

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10
Q

Painful shallow ulcers on soft tissue of mouth

A

Apthous ulcer/ stomatitis aka canker sores
- resolve 7-10 days
- treat symptoms- cause unknown

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11
Q

Vermilion border-
Oral comissure-

A

Edge of lips
Corner of lips

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12
Q

Salivary glands

A

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual

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13
Q

Painless boney protuberance midline on the hard palate

A

Torus Palatinus = benign

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14
Q

Tongue surface has a map like appearance with patches that move day to day

A

Geographic tongue = benign

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15
Q

Cluster of small sized read papules with white centres inside the cheeks by the lower molars

A

Kopliks spots
= measles

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16
Q

Hairy leukoplakia associated with what?

A

HIV
-caused by EBV infx of tongue

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17
Q

Hyperopia

A

Far sightedness

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18
Q

Myopia

A

Near sightedness

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19
Q

Parts of the ear affected by conductive hearing loss?

A

Outer & middle

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20
Q

Parts of the ear affected in sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Inner ear or CN 8

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21
Q

Example of sensorineural hearing loss

A

Ménière’s disease, presbycusis

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22
Q

Antibiotic eardrops with ruptured Tympanic membrane

A

Ofloxacin

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23
Q

Classes of Ototoxic medications- x 7

A

Abx = tetracyclines + macrolides + aminoglycosides
Anti- malarials + anti- neoplastics + anti-inflammatory
Loop diuretics

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24
Q

Rinne test results in Conductive & Sensorineural Hearing Loss

A

Conductive - BC> AC
SN- AC > BC

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25
Bleeding in Kiesselbachs plexus =
Anterior nose bleeds - tx with pressure 1st
26
What nose bleed type can lead to hemorrhage
Posterior
27
Rhinitis medicamentosa is caused by what?
Overuse of topical nasal decongestant >3d
28
What antihistamine class are less sedating? 2 examples?
2nd generation ie. cetirizine / loratadine
29
Group A Strep throat treatment
Penicillin V x 10d
30
Most common organism in acute otitis media?
S. Pneumoniae Then H.flu
31
Middle ear effusions can persist for long post treatment of otitis media?
8 weeks or more
32
1st line tx for AOM (if no abx within 1 month)
Amoxicillin x 5-7d
33
Pt with AOE has been treated with amoxicillin for 48h and symptoms have no improvement- what do you do?
Change to amoxiclav x 5d
34
Rhinosinusitis is most commonly caused by ———-. How long do you watch and wait before adding antibiotics? What abx?
Viral 10 days Amoxicillin or amoxiclav
35
Treatment of rhinosinusitis with penicillin allergy
Doxycycline
36
Otitis externa common pathogens and treatment
S. aureus & pseudomonas Polymyxin B + hydrocortisone gtts x 7d Or Ofloxacin/ ciprofloxacin gtts x 7d
37
First line treatment for allergic rhinitis
Nasal steroids i.e. fluticasone
38
Benadryl / diphenhydramine is what generation of antihistamine
1st = more sedating
39
Pen allergic pts use what 2 classes instead?
Macrolides Gram + coverage- quinolones
40
What class of medication’s has cross-reactivity with penicillin allergy
Cephalosporins
41
Weber test lateralized to the bad year and what kind of hearing loss
Conductive
42
20/ 40 vision means?
Pt sees at 20ft what normal vision can see at 40ft
43
Common ceruminosis tx
Carbamide peroxide
44
To assess for corneal abrasions and keratitis use ———
Fluorescein strips
45
Raised yellow to white small round grows on the bulbar conjunctiva next to the cornea.
Pinguecula
46
Yellow triangular thickening of conjunctiva that extends across the cornea
Pterygium
47
External Hordeolum involves inflammation of what- Internal hordeolum -
Ext- Hair follicle & sebaceous gland Int- Meibomian gland -painful, infected, usually self resolve- warm compresses
48
Inflammation of the meibomian gland of the eyelids- non-painful, hard.
Chalazion Usually resolve in 2-8 weeks Sometimes need cutting out
49
Normal optic disc appearance and cup to disc ratio
Sharp outline < 0.5
50
Normal intraocular pressure
8-21 mmhg
51
Scotoma
Central vision blind spot- macular degenerations
52
Describe intraoccular veins and arteries
Veins are larger, darker, and pulse
53
When an artery crosses of them in the eye this is called
Arteriovenous nicking- 2nd to HTN
54
What are the components of the Centor score
Cough absent Exudative/ swollen tonsils Nodes swollen- anterior cervical Temp- fever Ages 3-14 + 1 > 45y -1
55
What centor score indicates need to test
> 2
56
Treatment for Group A strep
Penicillin V x 10d
57
Common diagnostic findings in mononucleosis
Lymphocytosis, atypical lymphocytes, elevated liver enzymes, splenomegaly
58
Otitis media tx
Amoxicillin
59
Bacterial rhinosinusitis tx
Amoxi-clav
60
Otitis media with effusion tx
Oral decongestants Nasal steroid

AANP Exam (11 decks)

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