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GRUSDEM-CARDIO Flashcards

1
Q

OUTERMOST LAYER OF THE HEART

A

Pericardium

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2
Q

innermost Layer of the Heart

A

Endocardium

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3
Q

middle Layer of the Heart

A

Myocardium

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4
Q

2 Heart Valves

A

Atrioventricular Valve and Semilunar Valve

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5
Q

Heart Valve can be seen in ATrium and Ventricle

A

atrioventricular valve

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6
Q

Heart valve attached to Great vessel

A

Semilunar Valve

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7
Q

valve between right atrium and right ventricle

A

tricuspid

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8
Q

valve between left atrium and Left ventricle

A

mitral/ bicuspid

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9
Q

valve located in the opening of Pulmonary trunk

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

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10
Q

valve located in the opening of aorta

A

aortic semilunar valve

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11
Q

Heart sounds during closure of AV valve

A

LUBB

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12
Q

Heart sounds due to closure of semilunar valve

A

Dubb

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13
Q

Abnormal heart sounds: S3- heard after s2 (related to____)

A

Heart failure

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14
Q

Abnormal heart sounds: S4- heard after s2 (related to____)

A

Hypertension

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15
Q

Ecg wave= significance P wave=

A

Atrial deporalization

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16
Q

Ecg wave= significance Qrs complex=

A

Atrial reporalization Ventricular deporalization

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17
Q

Ecg wave= significance T wave=

A

Ventricular repolization

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18
Q

12 leads ecg placements V1

A

4th intercostal to the right of the sternum

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19
Q

12 leads ecg placements V2

A

4th intercostal space to the left of the sternum

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20
Q

12 leads ecg placements V3

A

Directly between v2 and v4

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21
Q

12 leads ecg placements V4

A

5th intercostal space Midclavicular line

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22
Q

12 leads ecg placements V5

A

Level with v4 at left anterior axillary line

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23
Q

12 leads ecg placements V6

A

Level with v5 at left midaxillary line (Directly under the midpoint of the armpit)

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24
Q

Ecg reading With rhythm With p wave Qrs complex T wave Normal hr pr interval and qrs complex

A

Normal sinus rhythm

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25
Q

Ecg reading With rhythm With p wave, qrs complex, t wave HR is >100bpm

A

Sinus tachycardia

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26
Q

Ecg reading Sinus tachycardia independent intervention:

A

Carotid massage

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27
Q

Ecg reading Sinus tachycardia DOC

A

Betablocker (-olol) Calcium channel blocker (-dipine)

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28
Q

Ecg reading With rhythm With Pwave, Qrs complex t-wave HR is <60 (Normal for athelete/elderly)

A

Sinus bradycardia

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29
Q

Ecg reading Sinus bradycardia DOC

A

Atropine sulfate

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30
Q

Ecg reading Atrial dysrhythmias With rhythm P wave appears saw tooth

A

Atrial flutter

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31
Q

Ecg reading Atrial dysrhythmias No rhythm No p wave

A

Atrial fibrillation

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32
Q

Ecg reading Atrial dysrhythmias Atrial fibrilation is at risk in _______

A

Clot formation

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33
Q

Ecg reading Atrial dysrhythmias Atrial fibrillation DOC: ●Classification= generic name ●classification ●classification ●classification

A

●Sodium channel blocker= procainamide and quinidine ●anticoagulant ●antiplatelet ●thrombolytic

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34
Q

Ecg reading Atrial dysrhythmias Atrial fibrillation intervention:

A

Do cardioversion

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35
Q

ECG reading ventricular dysrhythmias with rhythm no P wave qrs complex is wide and bizarre

A

ventricular tachycardia

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36
Q

ECG reading ventricular dysrhythmias ventricular tachycardia DOC

A

Lidocaine Magnesium Sulfate

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37
Q

ECG reading ventricular dysrhythmias ventricular tachycardia *check for pulse: unstable= no pulse

A

unstable= cardioversion no pulse = defibrillation

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38
Q

ECG reading ventricular dysrhythmias NO rhythm tracing is disorganized and chaotic no concrete waves *patient is pulseless

A

ventricular fibrillation

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39
Q

ECG reading ventricular dysrhythmias ventricular fibrillation *patient pulseless treatment:

A

D - Defribrillation E - Epinephrine A - amiodarone L - lidocaine M - magnesium sulfate

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40
Q

ECG reading ventricular dysrhythmias NO p wave, automatic QRS complex 6 or more pvc in 1minute indicate pending cardiac arrest

A

premature ventricular contraction

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41
Q

ECG reading premature ventricular contraction DOC *classification *drug

A

sodium channel blocker Lidocaine

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42
Q

ECG reading ventricular dysrhythmias premature ventricular contraction Priority intervention 1. 2. refer physician when: * *

A

Priority intervention 1. 02 therapy 2. refer physician when: *6pvc in a Minute *3pvc in a Row

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43
Q

ECG reading AV Block with rhythm consistent increase PR interval

A

first degree AV block

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44
Q

ECG reading AV Block first degree AV block DOC

A

atropine sulfate

45
Q

ECG reading AV Block first degree AV block Dependent intervention:

A

Pacemaker implantation

46
Q

ECG reading AV Block usually with rhythm PR interval gets progressively longer

A

second degree AV block: Mobitz 1

47
Q

ECG reading AV Block second degree AV block: Mobitz 1 DOC

A

atrophine sulfate

48
Q

ECG reading AV Block second degree AV block: Mobitz 1 Dependent intervention:

A

Pacemaker implantation

49
Q

ECG reading AV Block with rhythm more than 1 P wave in every Qrs complex but with Normal PR interval

A

second degree AV block: Mobitz 2

50
Q

ECG reading AV Block second degree AV block: Mobitz 2 DOC

A

atrophine sulfate

51
Q

ECG reading AV Block second degree AV block: Mobitz 2 Dependent intervention:

A

Pacemaker implantation

52
Q

ECG reading AV Block with rhythm more than 1 P wave in every Qrs complex PR interval is Inconsistent

A

Third degree AV block

53
Q

ECG reading No definite wave flat line *do not ___, only when asystole converted to ___ or __

A

asystole *do not defibrillate, only when asystole converted to V-tach or V-fib

54
Q

asystole chain of survival: RECDE 1. check __ 2. check __, secure AED 3. do __ 4. ___ 5. ___

A

chain of survival 1. check resposiveness 2. check ems, secure AED 3. do cpr 4. defribrillation 5. epinephrine

55
Q

CPR Sequence

A

Compression airway breathing

56
Q

CPR depth compression adult child infant

A

CPR depth compression adult 2-2.25 child 1.5-2 infant 1.5 inches or 1/3 of AP diameter

57
Q

is a non synchronized random administration of shock during a cardiac cycle

A

Defibrillation

58
Q

is a synchronized administration of shock during the R waves and QRS of a cardiac cycle

A

Cardioversion

59
Q

Defibrillation or Cardioversion? EMERGENCY

A

Defibrillation

60
Q

Defibrillation or Cardioversion? UNCONSCIOUS

A

Defibrillation

61
Q

Defibrillation or Cardioversion? HIGH ENERGY

A

Defibrillation

62
Q

Defibrillation ? START AT____ JOULES

63
Q

Defibrillation or Cardioversion? MAY BE DELIVER AT ANY POINT OF CARDIAC CYCLE

A

Defibrillation

64
Q

Defibrillation or Cardioversion? COMMON, MAY CAUSE BURN INJURY

A

Defibrillation

65
Q

Defibrillation or Cardioversion? Indication PULSELESS V-TACH V-FIB

A

Defibrillation

66
Q

Defibrillation SEQUENCE OF ENERGY USE: __ JOULES __ JOULES __ JOULES

A

Defibrillation 200 300 360

67
Q

Defibrillation or Cardioversion? Elective procedure

A

Cardioversion

68
Q

Defibrillation or Cardioversion? Conscious then eventually sedated

A

Cardioversion

69
Q

Defibrillation or Cardioversion? Low energy Used

A

Cardioversion

70
Q

Cardioversion Start at; ___ joules

71
Q

Cardioversion Sequence of energy Use: __ joules __ joules __ joules __ joules

A

50 100 150 200

72
Q

Defibrillation or Cardioversion? Delivery come synchronize with QRS Complex/R wave

A

Cardioversion

73
Q

Defibrillation or Cardioversion? least likely to cause cardiac/ tissue injury

A

Cardioversion

74
Q

Defibrillation or Cardioversion? Indication SVT, atrial flutter, Atrial fibrillation

A

Cardioversion

75
Q

Class 1 antidysrhythmic Agent *classification

A

sodium channel blockers

76
Q

Class 2 antidysrhythmic Agent *classification

A

betablocker

77
Q

Class 3 antidysrhythmic Agent *classification

A

potassium channel blocker

78
Q

Class 4 antidysrhythmic Agent *classification

A

calcium channel blocker

79
Q

Common antidysrhythmic Agent indicated for: atrial dysrhythmia and ventricular dysrhythmias

A

sodium channel blockers

80
Q

Common antidysrhythmic Agent Effect: block beta receptor giving parasympathetic effect

A

betablocker

81
Q

Common antidysrhythmic Agent Effect: mimic HYPOGLYCEMIA

A

betablocker

82
Q

Common antidysrhythmic Agent contraindicated case to Betablocker

83
Q

Common antidysrhythmic Agent BetaBlocker *most fatal adverse effect

A

bronchospasm

84
Q

Common antidysrhythmic Agent BetaBlocker *prolonged use causes

85
Q

Common antidysrhythmic Agent BetaBlocker *common reason for non compliance

A

decrease libido impotence

86
Q

Common antidysrhythmic Agent *causes bluish discoloration

A

potassium channel blocker

87
Q

Common antidysrhythmic Agent *avoid use of ST.JOHN WORT

A

potassium channel blocker

88
Q

Common antidysrhythmic Agent calcium channel blocker ex. ___, __ and ends in “___”

A

Common antidysrhythmic Agent calcium channel blocker verapamil diltiazem dipine

89
Q

Common antidysrhythmic Agent *avoid GRAPE juice

A

Calcium channel Blocker

90
Q

Common antidysrhythmic Agent *effect of grape juice while on calcium channel blocker

A

hypotension

91
Q

Artificial Pacemaker Implantation *deliver a FIXED rate

A

asynchronous

92
Q

Artificial Pacemaker Implantation *deliver only when needed *demand mode

A

synchronous

93
Q

Artificial Pacemaker Implantation S/SX to be refer: __, __, ___

A

Dizziness Hiccups chest pain

94
Q

Artificial Pacemaker Implantation batteries LAST: Mercury lithium plutonium

A

Mercury 2-3 yrs lithium 5yrs plutonium 10yrs

95
Q

ECG EXAM

A

normal sinus

96
Q

ECG EXAM

A

Sinus Tachycardia

97
Q

ECG EXAM

A

sinus bradycardia

98
Q

ECG EXAM

A

atrial flutter

99
Q

ECG EXAM

A

atrial fibrillation

100
Q

ECG EXAM

A

ventricular tachycardia

101
Q

ECG EXAM

A

ventricular fibrilation

102
Q

ECG EXAM

103
Q

ECG EXAM

A

first degree AV block

104
Q

ECG EXAM

A

second degree AV block
MOBITZ 1

105
Q

ECG EXAM

A

second degree AV block
MOBITZ 2

106
Q

ECG EXAM

A

third degree AV block

107
Q

ECG EXAM

108
Q

te anu na nga sounds??

CR-gruSdeM (4 decks)

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