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CR-gruSdeM > Cardio dse CAD > Flashcards

Cardio dse CAD Flashcards

CAD

1
Q

Coronary artery dse

race common:
A___
A___

A

african

american

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2
Q

CAD

gender common:

A

male

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3
Q

CAD

Age common;

A

older than 50

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4
Q

CAD

modifiable factor;
High____
high_____

A

carbohydrates

fat

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5
Q

CAD

modifiable factor:
hyper___

A

hyperlipidemia

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6
Q

CAD

modifiable factor
Low ____

A

low estrogen

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7
Q

CAD

modifiable factor; disorder
D___
H____
D____

A

diabetes mellitus
hypertension
dysrhythmias

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8
Q

types of CAD

fat deposition and fibrous formation

A

atherosclerosis

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9
Q

types of CAD

hardening of blood vessel

A

arteriosclerosis

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10
Q

types of CAD

chest pain and chest discomfort

A

angina

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11
Q

types of CAD

Heart attack

A

MI

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12
Q

causes of myocardial ischemia

A______
A______
V_______
V_______

A

Arterioclerosis
atherosclerosis
vasocompression
vasospasm

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13
Q

medication can cause myocardial ischemia/angina?

B
D
E
T

A

bronchidilator
decongestant
epinephrine
thyroid replacement

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14
Q

example of bronchodilator

A

aminophylline

theophylline

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15
Q

ecg for ischemia

A

inverted T wave

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16
Q

nursing disgnosis for myocardial ischemia

A

altered tissue perfusion

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17
Q

first nursing action for chest pain?

A

morphine

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18
Q

best nursing position for chest pain

A

semi fowlers

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19
Q

sign?

clenched fist held over the chest to describe chest pain

A

levine sign

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20
Q

chest pain relieved by REST and NITROGLYCERIN

A

angina

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21
Q

chest pain UNRELIEVED by rest and nitroglycerin

A

MI

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22
Q

chest pain lasting less than 10-15mins

A

angina

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23
Q

chest pain lasting more than 20mins

A

MI

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24
Q

chest pain related to arteriosclerosis

A

stabke angina

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25
Q

chest pain brought by increase physical activities

A

stabke anginA

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26
Q

chest pain related to atherosclerosis

A

unstable angina

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27
Q

chest pain also called PREINFARCTION angina

A

unstable angina

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28
Q

chest pain even at rest/ increased physical activities

A

unstBle angina

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29
Q

chest pain most likely progress to MI

A

unstable angina

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30
Q

chest pain also called prinzemetal angina

A

variant angina

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31
Q

chest pain related to spasm

A

variant angina

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32
Q

chest pain related to cold temperature

A

variant angina

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33
Q

an ANGINA that patient is asymptomTic but ecg tracing reveal
INVERTED T WAVE

A

silent angina

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34
Q

drug induced angina pectoris

A

LUDWIG angina

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35
Q

types of MI

infarction is in endocardial layer of the heart

A

subendocardial infarction

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36
Q

types of MI

ecg tracing: ST depresion

A

subendocardial i farction

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37
Q

types of MI

infarction goes beyond endocardial layer it reaches myocardial to pericardial

A

Transmural Infrction

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38
Q

types of MI

ecg tracing for transmural i farction

A

ST elevation

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39
Q

ecg

zone of ischemia:

2 answer

A

inverted t wave

st depresion

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40
Q

ecg

zone of infarction

A

pathological Q wave

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41
Q

ecg

zone of injury

A

ST elevation

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42
Q

diagnostic test for CAD

an ambulatory ecg

A

holter test

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43
Q

diagnostic test for CAD

how many hours consume when using Holter test

A

24-48hrs

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44
Q 
what to avoid during Holter test?
E
S
S
S
A

electric device
swimming
shower
sweating

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45
Q

diagnostic test for CAD

exammining the heart to check blood supply to the heart muscle with the use of camera. radioactive liquids is injected to blood stream serve as a tracer

A

thallium scan
or
muga scan

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46
Q

diagnostic test for CAD

used dye to detct blockage in coronary arteries caused by plaque build up

A

coronary angiography
or
cardiac catheterization

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47
Q

cardiac catheterization

mgt. prior to procedure

A

void prior to procedure

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48
Q

cardiac catheterization

what to check before and after procedure

A

peripheral and distal pulses

49
Q

cardiac catheterization

what laboratory result should check prior to procedure

A

BUN & CREA

50
Q

cardiac catheterization

post procedure best position
1st :
2nd :

A

1st Flat on bed

2nd HOB elevated <20degree

51
Q

cardiac catheterization

equipment use to avoid bleeding post procedure

A

sandbag

52
Q

cardiac enzymes

sensitive to brain injury

A

CPK BB

53
Q

cardiac enzymes

sensitive to skeletal muscle injury

A

CPK MM

54
Q

cadiac enzymes

sensitive to cardiac muscle injury

A

CPK MB

55
Q

cardiac enzymes

sensitive to small infarct and cardiac injury

A

trop T

56
Q

cardiac enzymes

sensitive to large infarcts and skeletal muscle injury

A

TROP I

57
Q

cardiac muscle

sensitive to skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle injury

A

MYOGLOBIN

58
Q

managemnt for CAD

diet:
high-
high-
Low-
Low-
increase-
A 
high protein
high fiber
low fat
low carbohydrate
increase fluid
59
Q

mgt for CAD

analgesic:

best time to give:

A

morphine sulfate

before pain become severe

60
Q

mgt CAD

antidote for morphine:

A

naloxone/narcan

61
Q 
mgt for CAD
Medication:
B
C
S
antiplatelet
anticoagulant
T
V
A
A 
betarblocker
calcium channel blocker
stool softener
anticuagulant- heparin/warfarin
antiplatelet- aspirin
thrombolytics
vasodilators
antilipidemics
62
Q

Mgt. for CAD

antidote for aspirin
*2 answers

A

activated charcoal

sodium bicarbonate

63
Q

Mgt for CAD

antidote for heparin

A

protamine sulfate

64
Q

Mgt for CAD

antidote for warfarin

A

vit k

65
Q

MGT for CAD

thrombolytic drug:
S
T
A

A

Streptokinase
TPA
alteplase

66
Q

MGT for CAD

antidote for thrombolytics
brand/generic

A

amicar (aminocarproic acid)

67
Q

mgt for CAD

streptokinase is contraindicated in which dse?

A

immunocompromised, streptococcal infection

68
Q 
nursing alert: aspirin heparin warfarin
ROUTE?
aspirin -
heparin -
warfarin (coumadin) -

enoxaparin -

A

aspirin -orem
heparin -iv
coumadin -orem

enoxaparin - SUB Q

69
Q 
nursing alert; aspirin heparin warfarin
best diagnostic test?
aspirin-
heparin-
warfarin-
A

aspirin- platelet fxn test
heparin- PTT
warfarin- PT

70
Q

nrsing alert; aspirin heparin warfarin

PTT normal values-
PTT theraputic values-

PT normal value-
PT theraputic value-

A

PTT normal 20-36secs
PTT theraputic 60-80secs

PT normal 9-12secs
PT theraputic <30secs

71
Q

nrsing alert; aspirin heparin warfarin

clotting time normal values
clotting time therraputic value

INR normal value
INR theraputic value

A

clotting time normal- 5-10mins
clotting time theraputic- 16-20mins
*theraputic level is 2-2.5x higher

INR normal- 2-3
INR theraputic- <4.5
*theraputic level is 2-2.5x higher

72
Q

Nrsing alert: aspirin

contraindicated in what condition of the patient?

A

pregnant

73
Q

nursing alert; aspirin heparin warfarin

may be given to pregnant because cannot cross the placenta

A

heparin

74
Q

nursing alert; warfarin

contraindicated in what condition of the patient?

A

pregnant

75
Q

nursing alert; aspirin

patient is for surgery or any invasive procedure….

when will you discontinue?

A

48hrs or 2days prior to surgery

76
Q

nursing alert; Heparin

patient is for surgery or any invasive procedure….

when will you discontinue?

A

1 day prior to surgery

77
Q

nursing alert; warfarin

patient is for surgery or any invasive procedure….

when will you discontinue?

A

1 week prior to surgery

78
Q

nursing alert; nitroglycerin tablet

storage;
D-
D-

route of administration-

A

dry
dark

sublingual

79
Q

nursing alert: nitroglycerin tablet administration

time interval per tablet-
maximum doses-

how many tablet will you call AP if unrelieved?

A

5mins interval

3 doses

after 3rd tablet if patient is still unrelieved

80
Q

nursing alert: nitroglycerin patch

Rule: Do not touch the medicated surface because it causes _______

A

hypotension

81
Q

nursing alert: nitroglycerin PATCH administration

Rule: to avoid nitroglycerin tolerance time of administration is important.

Day time nitro is-
night time nitro is-

A

daytime nitro is on

night time nitro is off

82
Q

MGT for CAD
Nursing alert

2 vasodilator drug

A

nitroglycerin tablet

nitroglycerin patch

83
Q

nursing alert; vasodilator

drug contraindicated when taking nitroglycerin

A

viagra (sildenafil) cause fatal hypotension

84
Q 
nursing alert: antilipidemics
3 types of drug
H-
F-
B-
A

HMG-COA reductase inhibitor
fibric acid derivative
bile acid sequestrant

85
Q

nursing alert; HMG coa reductase inhibitor

known drug-

A

atorvastatin

86
Q

nursing alert; Fibric Acid Derivative

known drug- G______ (L_____) generic(brand name)
F_______

A

gemfibrozil (lopid)

fenofibrate

87
Q

nursing alert; Bile Acid Sequestrants

known drug- C______ (Q______) generic(brand name)

A

cholestyramine (questran)

88
Q 
nursing alert: antilipidemics
(possible answer)
HMG COA reductase inhibitor
fibric acid derivative
bile acid sequestrant

teratogenic?

A

HMG

89
Q 
nursing alert: antilipidemics
(possible answer)
HMG COA reductase inhibitor
fibric acid derivative
bile acid sequestrant

hepatotoxic?

A

HMG

90
Q 
nursing alert: antilipidemics
(possible answer)
HMG COA reductase inhibitor
fibric acid derivative
bile acid sequestrant

action: decrease LDL and increase increase HDL increasing cholesterol synthesis

A

HMG

91
Q 
nursing alert: antilipidemics
(possible answer)
HMG COA reductase inhibitor
fibric acid derivative
bile acid sequestrant

action: decreases triglycerides

A

Fibric Acid derivatives

92
Q 
nursing alert: antilipidemics
(possible answer)
HMG COA reductase inhibitor
fibric acid derivative
bile acid sequestrant

action: binds with fats and excreted via stool

A

Bile Acid sequestransts

93
Q 
nursing alert: antilipidemics
(possible answer)
HMG COA reductase inhibitor
fibric acid derivative
bile acid sequestrant

side effect: constipation, decrease fat soluble vitamin
(adek) absorption

A

Bile Acid Sequestrants

94
Q 
nursing alert: antilipidemics
(possible answer)
HMG COA reductase inhibitor
fibric acid derivative
bile acid sequestrant

given only at night

A

HMG COA recductase inhibitor

95
Q 
nursing alert: antilipidemics
(possible answer)
HMG COA reductase inhibitor
fibric acid derivative
bile acid sequestrant

it causes cataract

A

HMG COA recductase inhibitor

96
Q 
nursing alert: antilipidemics
(possible answer)
HMG COA reductase inhibitor
fibric acid derivative
bile acid sequestrant

it causes rhabdomyolysis

A

HMG COA recductase inhibitor

97
Q 
nursing alert: antilipidemics
(possible answer)
HMG COA reductase inhibitor
fibric acid derivative
bile acid sequestrant

Hepatotoxic effect

A

HMG COA recductase inhibitor

98
Q

Surgical Mgt for CAD:

C-
P-
P-

A

CABG- coronary artery by pass Grafting
PTCA- percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
Pacemaker Implantation

99
Q

Surgical Mgt for CAD: CABG, PTCA, Pacemaker

Open heart surgery, to reroute the blood flow

A

CABG

100
Q

Surgical Mgt for CAD: CABG, PTCA, Pacemaker

balloon tipped catheter use to open/ dilate obstructed artery

A

PTCA

101
Q

Surgical Mgt for CAD: CABG, PTCA, Pacemaker

for SA/AV node malfunctioning

A

Pacemaker

102
Q

Surgical Mgt for CAD: CABG

common blood vessel used:
M________ artery
S_________ veins
S_________artery

A

Mammary artery
saphenous veins
subclavian artery

103
Q

Surgical Mgt for CAD: PTCA

what medicine used for 3-6mos post PTCA

A

antiplatelet

104
Q

Nursing ALert: POST Open Heart Surgery

transporting patient from OR to C-ICU
__RN
__anesth

A

2 RN

2 anesth

105
Q 
Nursing ALert: POST Open Heart Surgery
Prioritization of care: (rank the FF)
airway
VS
Dressing
Tubes and Drainage
A

1 airway
2 VS
3 dressing
4 tubes/drainage

106
Q

Nursing Alert; Open heart Surgery

Normal cvp:
increase CVP=
decrease CVP=

A

Normal cvp: 2-8cm H2o or 2-6mmhg

increase CVP= hypervolemia

decrease CVP= hypovolemia

107
Q

Nursing Alert; Open heart Surgery

Normal urine output:
Normal GFR:

A

Normal urine output: 30-60ml

Normal GFR: 120ml/minute

108
Q

Nursing Alert; Open heart Surgery

chest tube drainage normal drainage 24-48hrs:

A

<100ml/ hr

109
Q

Nursing Alert; Open heart Surgery
complication: Air embolism

best position:

A

Head lower than his feet and on LEft side lying

110
Q

Open heart Surgery: Complication

accumulation of fluid in pericardium causing compression of the heart

A

cardiac tamponade

111
Q

Nursing care: Cad

best position

A

semi fowlers position

112
Q

Nursing care: Cad

first action

A

Analgesic

113
Q

Nursing care: Cad

weeks to resume sexual activity

A

4-6weeks after attack
or
more than 10 steps of stairs
or 2 flights without chest discomfort

114
Q

Nursing care: Cad

best time for sex

A

morning

115
Q

Nursing care: Cad

Best position for sex

A

sidelying

116
Q 
Open heart Surgery: Complication: 
cardiac tamponade
H                              M
T                              D
D                              P
A 
Hypotension
tachycardia
dyspnea
mufflead heart sounds(pericardial friction rub
pulsus paradoxus
117
Q

Open heart Surgery: Complication:
cardiac tamponade

a heart rate or pressure that decrease during inhalation

A

pulsus paradoxus

118
Q

Open heart Surgery: Complication:
cardiac tamponade Surgical Mgt:
P
P

A

pericardiocentesis-fluid

pericardioectomy-part

119
Q

Open heart Surgery: Complication:
cardiac tamponade Medication
V
O

A

vasopressor- Levophed-increase BP

Oxygen

CR-gruSdeM (4 decks)

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