Growth urban working class Flashcards
what expanded along with he growth of the urban working class?
industry
what % did the urban working class make up in the mid-19th cent?
no more than 2% of pop
what was common regarding peasants’ travelling?
move to towns to work temporarily, while returning to their villages to help out at peak times such as harvest
why would some peasants come back to the village?
to help out at peak times such as harvest
why did some peasants leave the countryside? (2)
- join migrant group building railways
- to become urban workers
how were conditions in cities?
grim
what did early factories fail to do?
pay enough to heed workers’ welfare
between what years were there a series of reforms to better working conditions?
1882-90
list some of the reforms to improve working conditions in factories (5)
- regulation of child labour
- reduction in working hrs (in particular hrs worked by women at night)
- reduction in excessive fines
- payment in kind
- appointment of inspectors with powers to check up on working and living conditions
(reforms to improve working conditions in factories) what was regulated?
child labour
(reforms to improve working conditions in factories) who were reduction in working hrs mainly targeted at?
hrs worked by women at night
(reforms to improve working conditions in factories) what happened to excessive fines?
reduced
what is payment in kind?
payment in goods/services such as accommodation, rather than money wages
were reforms to improve working conditions in factories effective in improving lives of growing working class?
NO
how was payment in factories?
absolutely shit - they were catfished by the prospect of having regular wages
