Growth of the middle class Flashcards
list 3 factors that led that meant that r’s middle class began to grow
- increase in educational opportunities (due to education reform 1863-64 under A II)
- urban expansion
- industrial expansion
list 4 professions which were in greater demand
- bankers
- doctors
- teachers
- administrators
in the 1897 census, how much did bankers, doctors, teachers and administrators add up to?
no more than 1/2 a mil
what was provided to aid those who were enterprising? (2)
- gov contracts to build railways
- state loans to set up factories
why were gov contracts given?
to build railways
why were state loans given?
to set up factories
what other opportunities for positions were there? (3)
- management positions
- workshop owners
- traders
when did the r industry begin to develop?
1860s-80s
at the beginning of industrialisation, who was in control of most private industrial enterprises?
traditional nobility
when did non-nobles find a new niche as factory owners, supervisors and foremen?
1890s
in the 1890s, what did non-nobles find a new niche in as? (3)
- factory owners
- supervisors
- foremen
name one factor which contributed to the harsh discipline and disregard for workers’ wellbeing becoming more marked?
in 1890s, non-nobles found a new niche as factory owners, supervisors and foremen.
these new figures had none of the old noble ‘paternalism’ which made them feel morally obliged to look after their workers.
what did the new non-noble factory owners, supervisors and foremen not have that the old nobles did, that made them feel morally obliged to look after their workers?
paternalism - the policy or practice on the part of people in authority of restricting the freedom and responsibilities of those subordinate to or otherwise dependent on them in their supposed interest.
