Economic Development of Russia to 1914

Question 1

Why was the new rouble introduced by Witte in Jan 1897? (2)

Answer 1

• strengthen currency

- encourage foreign confidence and investment

Question 2

What % of foreign capital did Germany give to Russia?

Answer 2

20%

Question 3

How much foreign investment did R receive in 1895?

Answer 3

280 mil roubles

Question 4

How much foreign investment did R receive in 1900?

Answer 4

911 million roubles

Question 5

How much foreign investment did R receive in 1914?

Answer 5

2000 million roubles

Question 6

What did Witte seek to stage manage? (2)

Answer 6

• industrial growth

- seeking capital, technical advisers, managers and skilled workers from overseas

Question 7

What % of foreign capital did Britain give to Russia?

Answer 7

23%

Question 8

What did Witte introduce in Jan 1897?

Answer 8

new rouble (backed by value of gold)

Question 9

What was R’s capital mainly used for? (2)

Answer 9

• fund public works

- develop R’s infrastructure

Question 10

In early 20th cen, what did the state hold extensive holdings in?

Answer 10

growing ‘heavy industrial plant’

Question 11

Why did Gerschenkran name the late 1890s as ‘the great spurt’?

Answer 11

industrial economy progressed more in on decade than it had in previous century

Question 12

What happened to R’s economy during mid 1890s?

Answer 12

underwent major transformation

Question 13

During 1894-1913, what was the annual growth rate p.a?

Answer 13

more than 8%

Question 14

Who is credited for the impressive expansion?

Answer 14

Sergei Witte - built on policies esatblished by Ivan Vyshnegradsky

Question 15

Who built upon Vyshnegradsky’s policies?

Answer 15

Witte

Question 16

Under Witte’s tenure, what virtually doubled?

Answer 16

railway trackage

Question 17

Under who, did F.I soar?

Answer 17

Sergei Witte

Question 18

What country supplied 1/3 of all R’s foreign capital?

Answer 18

France

Question 19

How much did Bel (%) give to R? (F.C)

Answer 19

14%

Question 20

In the early 20th cen, what % of R;s railways did the State control?

Answer 20

70%

Question 21

By end of 20th century, what is he fraction of State buying of all R’s metallurgical production?

Answer 21

almost 2/3

Question 22

After 1905, what else was capital used for? (2)

Answer 22

• compensate for losses of R-J war

- re-equip army

Question 23

What is the % of income from industrial investment received (1903-1913)?

Answer 23

25%

Question 24

What is the name economic historian’s name that named the late 1890s as ‘the great spurt’?

Answer 24

Alexander Gerschenkran

Question 25

What % or foreign capital did the USA give to R?

Answer 25

5%

Question 26

What month and year was the new rouble introduced by Witte?

Answer 26

Jan 1897

Question 27

What happened to foreign investment in early 20th cen?

Answer 27

declined proportionately

Question 28

Why did State-involvement remain and essential feature of economic growth throughout the period to 1914?

Answer 28

R businessmen gained enough wealth to expand (& found new ones)

Question 29

During what years did the annual growth rate equate to more than 8% (pa)?

Answer 29

1894-1913

Question 30

What were the no. of puds (of coal output) in 1890?

Answer 30

183 mil puds

Question 31

What were the no. of puds (of coal output) in 1900?

Answer 31

671 million puds

Question 32

Under Witte, did coal output increase or decrease (in Southern Russia) & by how much?

Answer 32

1890 = 183 mil puds
1900 = 671 mil puds

Question 33

What fraction equates to how much France supplied (out of all foreign capital)?

Answer 33

1/3