Growth of opposition to Tsarist Rule Flashcards
1
Q
Who was The Organisation
A
- Formed in 1863 at Moscow Uni
- Aimed to mould public opinion to accept a rebellion
2
Q
What was Narodynism (Populism)
A
- Influenced by Herzen and Chernychevsky believed life should be based around cooperation
- Programme of ‘going to the people’ in the 1870s was poorly done
- Failure led to division of party
3
Q
What was The People’s Will
A
- Failure of Populism made some people resort to terrorism
- Managed to assassiante Alexander II
4
Q
Who were the Marxists
A
- After failure of populism and people’s will some resorted to Marxist Theory
- Hoped indusitilisation would lead way for proletariat to rise up against their Burgeoisie owners
- Helped organise strikes and began reading circles
5
Q
What were the Liberals
A
- Grown under Alexander II reforms giving locals some autonomy
- Main support from intellegenstia and zemstvo
- Agreed reform>violence
- Was no an organised form
6
Q
How did the 1891-2 famine impact the Liberals
A
- They were left with large portion of the responsibility
- Increased conviction that tsarist system had to change
- Also showed people zemstvo was more useful than tsar
7
Q
Who was Nikolai Chernyshevsky
A
- Author of ‘What is to be done’- suggested peasants had to be leaders of the revolution
8
Q
Who was Alexander Herzen
A
- editor of radical journal ‘The Bell’ which he smuggled in illegaly
- Advocated peasant based social structure and called on his followers ‘to go to the people’
9
Q
Who was Mikhail Bakunin
A
- Said private ownership should be replaced by collective ownership
-
Translated ‘The Communist Manifesto’ by Karl Marx into Russian
- With Sergei Nechaev he wrote ‘Cathechism of a Revloutionary’ exhorting revoloutionaries to be merciless and to sever all morals and to only pursue the revolution
10
Q
Who was Sergei Nechaev
A
- Famous for writing ‘Cathechism of a Revoloutionary’
- Returned ro Russia in 1871 to ‘go to the people’ but was forced to flee
- Slogan is ‘the ends justify the means’ and Lenin called him a ‘titan of the revolution’
11
Q
What was the Tchaikovsky Circle
A
- organised printing, publishing and distribution of revoloutionary literature
- Circle was never large
- Organised workers with intention of sending them to work among the peasants
12
Q
What did the first and second attempt to ‘go to the people’ include
A
- 1874; 2000 sent and 1600 arrested
- Second in 1876 was no more successful
13
Q
What was Land and Liberty
A
- continuation of Populist tradition; set up in 1877 and split up 2 years later
- Members sought work within peasant communes
- Some performed assasssinations
14
Q
What did Land and Liberty split into in 1879
A
- Black Repatriation by Georgi Plekhanov which continued to work peacefully; destroyed by arrests in 1880-1 and Plehanov turning to Marxism
- The People’s Will led by Alexsandr Mikhailov, bigger than Black Repatriation and advocated violence
15
Q
Who was Georgi Plekhanov
A
- Attracted by Populism and became a leader of Land and Liberty and Black Repatriation
- Co-Founded Marxist ‘Emanicpation of Labour’ in 1883 with Lev Deutsch and Vera Zasluich
- Plekhaniv became a Menshevik
