Growth, Differentiation & Tumours Flashcards

1
Q

Growth definition

A

Increase in size

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2
Q

Differentiation definition

A

Process by which cells develop specialised functions or morphology

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3
Q

Tumour differentiation definition

A

The extent to which tumour cells resemble their normal cell counterparts

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4
Q

Anaplasia

A

A lack of differentiation

A hallmark of malignant cells

Cells may be pleomorphic, have an abundance of DNA, mitoses, loss of polarity and become gigantic

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5
Q

Neoplasia

A

New growth, usually of abnormal tissue

Growth is un-coordinated and fast with a lack of contact inhibition

Growth persists even when the stimulus is removed

Causes a benign or malignant tumour

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6
Q

Carcinoma definition

A

A malignant epithelial tumour

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7
Q

Sarcoma definition

A

Malignant connective tissue tumours

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8
Q

Benign tumours

A

Non-invasive and remain localised

Have a slow growth rate and closely resemble the parent tissue

A fibrous capsule separates the tumour from the host tissue

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9
Q

Malignant tumours

A

Invasive and capable of spreading directly or by metastasis

Have a rapid growth rate and do not closely resemble the parent tissue

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10
Q

Metaplasia

A

A reversible change during which one cell type is replaced by another

Occurs in response to a stressor; the new cell type may be more resistant to this stimulus

May be malignant if the stimulus is prolonged

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11
Q

Dysplasia

A

Disordered growth

Described as pre-cancerous changes that may or may not lead to cancer

Tissue architecture may appear disordered

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12
Q

Metastasis

A

Occurs when tumour cells implant in areas discontinuous with the primary tumour

Only seen in malignant tumours

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13
Q

Pathways of metastasis

A
  • Direct seeding
  • Lymphatic spread
  • Haematogenous spread
  • Implantation
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