Growth & Development

Question 1

What are the major phases of childhood?

Answer 1

<4wks = Neonate
<12months = Infant
<2yrs = Toddler
<5yrs = Pre-schooler
Primary Schooler
Adolescent

Question 2

What are the 5 key developmental fields?

Answer 2

Gross Motor
Fine Motor
Speech + Language
Social
Self-care

Question 3

How do you do milestones with premature kids?

Answer 3

Correct for how premature they are up to 2yrs of age then stop correcting

Question 4

What are the red flags of developmental delay?

Answer 4

• No social smile by 2 months
• Not sitting unsupported by 9 months
• Not walking by 18 months
• No words by 2 yrs
• loss of developmental skills
• concerns about vision and hearing
• OFC> 99.6th or >0.4 th
• Loss of muscle tone

Question 5

What are the steps of the Child Health Programme Scotland?

Answer 5

1) New born exam and blood spot screening
2) 28 days = newborn hearing screening
3) 2 wks = HV visits
4) 6-8wks = Review
5) 27-30 months = Review
6) 4-5yrs = Orthoptist screening

Reviews cover measurments, feeding, domains of development, exam and any parental concerns

Question 6

What would stop us doing normal immunisations?

Answer 6

Not an egg allergy
Not if premature (do it by chronological age)

Do delay if unwell
Avoid live vaccines if immunocompromised

Question 7

SEs of vaccines?

Answer 7

Mild Temp
Discomfort
Swelling

Question 8

What do we use to monitor growth?

Answer 8

Weight
Length then height (after 2yrs)
Head Circumference

Question 9

Whats the average growth measurments at birth?

Answer 9

3.3Kg, 50cm long and 35cm head

Question 10

Whats the average growth measurments at 12 months?

Answer 10

10Kg, 75cm and 45cm head

Question 11

What skills would you expect from a 3 month old

Answer 11

Gross motor –> hold head up, roll belly to back and begin to creep, sits up with some support

Fine Motor –> reaches for & picks up toys with 1 hand

Speech –> “coo”, LOL

Social/safe care –> Taking to mouth, social smile & recognising mum

Hearing/Vision –> should be following objects with eyes and turning to sounds.

Question 12

What skills would you expect from a 6 month old

Answer 12

Gross motor –> Roll back to belly and Sitting (without support by 8-9months!)

Fine Motor –> transfers across midline

Language –> Simple 2 syllable babble!, responds to name!

Social –> Recognises people + Stranger Awareness! & plays with simple objects

Self-care –> Feeds self

Question 13

What skills would you expect from a 9 month old?

Answer 13

Gross Motor –> Crawls, pulls to stand

Fine motor –> Grasps with Finger/thumb!

Speech –> responds to “No” and uses certain sounds for things. ~understand simple words

Social –> Plays social games e.g. peekaboo & look for toys that fall out of sight!

/self care –> Can pick up a spoon by handle

Question 14

What skills might you expect from a 1yr old?

Answer 14

Gross Motor –> stand without support, walks without help by 18 months! may run

Fine Motor –> stacks blocks

Speech –> Uses simple words! and responds to simple requests

Social –> Shared attention/points at thing’s of interest!

self care –> Drinks alone from glass/feeds self with spoon!

Question 15

What skills might you expect from a 18month old?

Answer 15

Gross motor = runs, kicks ball, walks stairs

Fine motor = scribbles with crayon

Social –> Pretend play

Self care = May remove simple clothes

Speech = uses atleast 10 words, starts to make sentences by 21-24months!

Question 16

What skills might you expect from a 2yr old?

Answer 16

Speech = 30-50words and sentences

Social = Play’s with kids & “helps” with household tasks

Gross Motor = plays on slides/ladders etc

Self-Care = Opens door and eventually dresses self

Question 17

What skills might you expect from a 3yr old?

Answer 17

Gross Motor = Ride a Tricycle

Fine Motor = Draws circles!

Speech = Asks why, when how questions

Social = Gives directions to other kids

self care - toilet trained

Question 18

What are the key developmental milestones?

Answer 18

Social smiling
Sitting
Walking
Words

Question 19

At what age would you expect social smiling?

Answer 19

2 months

Question 20

At what age would you expect sitting?

Answer 20

Unsupported by 9 months

Question 21

At what age would you expect a child to walk?

Answer 21

Take first steps by 1yr (avg)
Be up to running by 2

Refer at 18 months if not walking unsupported

Question 22

At what age do you expect the first words?

Answer 22

Cries when wet/hungry = 1 month
Coos when comfy = 3 months
2 syllable babble = 6 months
Certain words for certain things = 9months
Simple words = 1yr
Words together & basic sentences = 2+yrs
Sentences & 50+ words = 3yrs

Question 23

What postnatal things could -vely affect baby’s development?

Answer 23

Brain infections
Toxins e.g. lead
Trauma e.g. head
Malnutrition --> Iron, folate, vit D deficiency
Metabolic --> Glc or Na derangement
Maltreatment
Maternal mental health

Question 24

Whats the most important skill by 3.5yrs?

Answer 24

Follows a series of 3 simple instructions in order

Question 25

What’s the most important skill of 4.5years?

Answer 25

Draws a person with 3 parts e.g. arms, head, eyes ,nose etc

Question 26

what values do you derive in growth development

Answer 26

• weight per length
• weight per age
• BMI
• rate of weight gain

Question 27

what antenatal factors might affect a child

Answer 27

• Infections

- Toxins

Question 28

what is reviewed at a 6-8 week review?

Answer 28

• Identification
• Physical measurements
• Feeding
• Parental concerns
• Sleeping position
• Examination

Question 29

What measures might we use to assess a child?

Answer 29

• listen to parental concerns
• Review Red book
• Engage child through observation and toys
• medical history