Growth & Development Flashcards
What are the major phases of childhood?
<4wks = Neonate <12months = Infant <2yrs = Toddler <5yrs = Pre-schooler Primary Schooler Adolescent
What are the 5 key developmental fields?
Gross Motor Fine Motor Speech + Language Social Self-care
How do you do milestones with premature kids?
Correct for how premature they are up to 2yrs of age then stop correcting
What are the red flags of developmental delay?
- No social smile by 2 months
- Not sitting unsupported by 9 months
- Not walking by 18 months
- No words by 2 yrs
- loss of developmental skills
- concerns about vision and hearing
- OFC> 99.6th or >0.4 th
- Loss of muscle tone
What are the steps of the Child Health Programme Scotland?
1) New born exam and blood spot screening
2) 28 days = newborn hearing screening
3) 2 wks = HV visits
4) 6-8wks = Review
5) 27-30 months = Review
6) 4-5yrs = Orthoptist screening
Reviews cover measurments, feeding, domains of development, exam and any parental concerns
What would stop us doing normal immunisations?
Not an egg allergy
Not if premature (do it by chronological age)
Do delay if unwell
Avoid live vaccines if immunocompromised
SEs of vaccines?
Mild Temp
Discomfort
Swelling
What do we use to monitor growth?
Weight
Length then height (after 2yrs)
Head Circumference
Whats the average growth measurments at birth?
3.3Kg, 50cm long and 35cm head
Whats the average growth measurments at 12 months?
10Kg, 75cm and 45cm head
What skills would you expect from a 3 month old
Gross motor –> hold head up, roll belly to back and begin to creep, sits up with some support
Fine Motor –> reaches for & picks up toys with 1 hand
Speech –> “coo”, LOL
Social/safe care –> Taking to mouth, social smile & recognising mum
Hearing/Vision –> should be following objects with eyes and turning to sounds.
What skills would you expect from a 6 month old
Gross motor –> Roll back to belly and Sitting (without support by 8-9months!)
Fine Motor –> transfers across midline
Language –> Simple 2 syllable babble!, responds to name!
Social –> Recognises people + Stranger Awareness! & plays with simple objects
Self-care –> Feeds self
What skills would you expect from a 9 month old?
Gross Motor –> Crawls, pulls to stand
Fine motor –> Grasps with Finger/thumb!
Speech –> responds to “No” and uses certain sounds for things. ~understand simple words
Social –> Plays social games e.g. peekaboo & look for toys that fall out of sight!
/self care –> Can pick up a spoon by handle
What skills might you expect from a 1yr old?
Gross Motor –> stand without support, walks without help by 18 months! may run
Fine Motor –> stacks blocks
Speech –> Uses simple words! and responds to simple requests
Social –> Shared attention/points at thing’s of interest!
self care –> Drinks alone from glass/feeds self with spoon!
What skills might you expect from a 18month old?
Gross motor = runs, kicks ball, walks stairs
Fine motor = scribbles with crayon
Social –> Pretend play
Self care = May remove simple clothes
Speech = uses atleast 10 words, starts to make sentences by 21-24months!
What skills might you expect from a 2yr old?
Speech = 30-50words and sentences
Social = Play’s with kids & “helps” with household tasks
Gross Motor = plays on slides/ladders etc
Self-Care = Opens door and eventually dresses self
What skills might you expect from a 3yr old?
Gross Motor = Ride a Tricycle
Fine Motor = Draws circles!
Speech = Asks why, when how questions
Social = Gives directions to other kids
self care - toilet trained
What are the key developmental milestones?
Social smiling
Sitting
Walking
Words
At what age would you expect social smiling?
2 months
At what age would you expect sitting?
Unsupported by 9 months
At what age would you expect a child to walk?
Take first steps by 1yr (avg)
Be up to running by 2
Refer at 18 months if not walking unsupported
At what age do you expect the first words?
Cries when wet/hungry = 1 month
Coos when comfy = 3 months
2 syllable babble = 6 months
Certain words for certain things = 9months
Simple words = 1yr
Words together & basic sentences = 2+yrs
Sentences & 50+ words = 3yrs
What postnatal things could -vely affect baby’s development?
Brain infections Toxins e.g. lead Trauma e.g. head Malnutrition --> Iron, folate, vit D deficiency Metabolic --> Glc or Na derangement Maltreatment Maternal mental health
Whats the most important skill by 3.5yrs?
Follows a series of 3 simple instructions in order
What’s the most important skill of 4.5years?
Draws a person with 3 parts e.g. arms, head, eyes ,nose etc
what values do you derive in growth development
- weight per length
- weight per age
- BMI
- rate of weight gain
what antenatal factors might affect a child
- Infections
- Toxins
what is reviewed at a 6-8 week review?
- Identification
- Physical measurements
- Feeding
- Parental concerns
- Sleeping position
- Examination
What measures might we use to assess a child?
- listen to parental concerns
- Review Red book
- Engage child through observation and toys
- medical history
