Growth And Metaboism Flashcards
Hw do bacteria replicate?
Binary fission
What variables influence growth rate?
Nutrients, pH, salinity, temp.
Bacteria that can synthesize all metabolites for division are called
Phototrophs.
Bacteria that need all essential metabolites to divide are called
Auxotrophs
What bacteria is associated with gastric ulcers and thrives in low pH?
Helicobacter pylori.
What cation is needed by bacteria to live?
Iron.
How does our body limit iron free for bacteria?
Lower export and increase import into macs.
Transferrin and lactoferrin.
How do bacteria fight against our bodies response to free iron?
Secrete siderophores with chelate iron and then get it into cell.
When bacteria are in a new broth environment, do they grow immediately?
Nope. They are in lag phase. Adaptation.
How to measure bacteria growth?
Turbidity. Clearness
Agar plate. Aliquots.
When are bacteria most acutely sensitive to antibiotics?
Exponential phase.
What’s a biofilm?
Polysaccharide film that bacteria secrete to protect themselves. This impairs phagocytosis, anti microbe drugs, and other killing mechs.
What are the products of glycolysis?
2 ATP net gain
Pyruvate
What occurs after glycolysis under aerobic conditions? How many ATP and who’s the final electronacceptor?
Oxidative phosphorylation/respiration. (after CAC)
34 ATPS.
oxygen is the final acceptor.
What is the price paid for the efficiency of aerobic respiration?
Bacteria produce ROS, in particular hydrogen peroxide and superoxide.
How do aerobic bacteria fight these ROS?
Have enzymes to neutralize them.
Superoxide dismutase & catalase.
Peroxidase.
Why do anaerobic bacteria die in oxygen?
They lack enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and therefore get killed by ROS.
How does bacteria make DNA?
Folic acid biosynthesis.
What are the two reactants in folic acid biosynthesis?
Sulfonamides and trimethoprim.
Products of folic acid biosynthesis?
Thymidine, purines, and methionine.
How do normal flora on the skin defend us?
Prevent new bacteria from growing by placing down fatty acids.
How do normal flout flora help us?
Place down toxins and waste that prevent others from growing.
How’s the vagina protected?
Acidic environment.
How can flora become pathogenic?
1: overgrrrrow.
2: spread to normally sterile site.
3: host becomes immunocompromised.
What is bacteria in the blood?
Bacteremia. Sepsis.
What are the sterile fields in the body not allowing bacteria in?
Internal tissues and blood
What lives in nares?
Staphylococci.
What inhabits the skin?
Staph, strep, and pseudomonas.
Throat is inhabited by what?
Strep (mouth too) and neisseria.
Mouth flora?
Strep and bacteroides.
Vagina residents?
Staph strep and gram neg rods.
Where do most flora live?
Large intestine.
Lungs host what flora?
Pneumocystis jivoveci.
Pathogenesis is
Mech of disease.
Virulence means
Degrees of pathogenesis.
Does colonization necessarily mean invasion?
No.
Virulence factors are
Products that allow pathogens to spread and invade.
Know the flora chart.
Know the flora chart
