Growth And Metaboism

Question 1

Hw do bacteria replicate?

Answer 1

Binary fission

Question 2

What variables influence growth rate?

Answer 2

Nutrients, pH, salinity, temp.

Question 3

Bacteria that can synthesize all metabolites for division are called

Answer 3

Phototrophs.

Question 4

Bacteria that need all essential metabolites to divide are called

Answer 4

Auxotrophs

Question 5

What bacteria is associated with gastric ulcers and thrives in low pH?

Answer 5

Helicobacter pylori.

Question 6

What cation is needed by bacteria to live?

Answer 6

Iron.

Question 7

How does our body limit iron free for bacteria?

Answer 7

Lower export and increase import into macs.

Transferrin and lactoferrin.

Question 8

How do bacteria fight against our bodies response to free iron?

Answer 8

Secrete siderophores with chelate iron and then get it into cell.

Question 9

When bacteria are in a new broth environment, do they grow immediately?

Answer 9

Nope. They are in lag phase. Adaptation.

Question 10

How to measure bacteria growth?

Answer 10

Turbidity. Clearness

Agar plate. Aliquots.

Question 11

When are bacteria most acutely sensitive to antibiotics?

Answer 11

Exponential phase.

Question 12

What’s a biofilm?

Answer 12

Polysaccharide film that bacteria secrete to protect themselves. This impairs phagocytosis, anti microbe drugs, and other killing mechs.

Question 13

What are the products of glycolysis?

Answer 13

2 ATP net gain

Pyruvate

Question 14

What occurs after glycolysis under aerobic conditions? How many ATP and who’s the final electronacceptor?

Answer 14

Oxidative phosphorylation/respiration. (after CAC)
34 ATPS.
oxygen is the final acceptor.

Question 15

What is the price paid for the efficiency of aerobic respiration?

Answer 15

Bacteria produce ROS, in particular hydrogen peroxide and superoxide.

Question 16

How do aerobic bacteria fight these ROS?

Answer 16

Have enzymes to neutralize them.
Superoxide dismutase & catalase.
Peroxidase.

Question 17

Why do anaerobic bacteria die in oxygen?

Answer 17

They lack enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and therefore get killed by ROS.

Question 18

How does bacteria make DNA?

Answer 18

Folic acid biosynthesis.

Question 19

What are the two reactants in folic acid biosynthesis?

Answer 19

Sulfonamides and trimethoprim.

Question 20

Products of folic acid biosynthesis?

Answer 20

Thymidine, purines, and methionine.

Question 21

How do normal flora on the skin defend us?

Answer 21

Prevent new bacteria from growing by placing down fatty acids.

Question 22

How do normal flout flora help us?

Answer 22

Place down toxins and waste that prevent others from growing.

Question 23

How’s the vagina protected?

Answer 23

Acidic environment.

Question 24

How can flora become pathogenic?

Answer 24

1: overgrrrrow.
2: spread to normally sterile site.
3: host becomes immunocompromised.

Question 25

What is bacteria in the blood?

Answer 25

Bacteremia. Sepsis.

Question 26

What are the sterile fields in the body not allowing bacteria in?

Answer 26

Internal tissues and blood

Question 27

What lives in nares?

Answer 27

Staphylococci.

Question 28

What inhabits the skin?

Answer 28

Staph, strep, and pseudomonas.

Question 29

Throat is inhabited by what?

Answer 29

Strep (mouth too) and neisseria.

Question 30

Mouth flora?

Answer 30

Strep and bacteroides.

Question 31

Vagina residents?

Answer 31

Staph strep and gram neg rods.

Question 32

Where do most flora live?

Answer 32

Large intestine.

Question 33

Lungs host what flora?

Answer 33

Pneumocystis jivoveci.

Question 34

Pathogenesis is

Answer 34

Mech of disease.

Question 35

Virulence means

Answer 35

Degrees of pathogenesis.

Question 36

Does colonization necessarily mean invasion?

Answer 36

No.

Question 37

Virulence factors are

Answer 37

Products that allow pathogens to spread and invade.

Question 38

Know the flora chart.

Answer 38

Know the flora chart