Growth and Development Flashcards
what is anticipatory guidance?
telling the parents what to expect with their child
What well child visits does the child get a vaccine?
birth 2 montha 4 months 6 months 12 months 15 months 18 months 4 years (48 months)
when can you stop measuring head circumference in a child?
2 years old
when do you start measuring BP routinely?
3 years old
RR from birth to 2 months
tachypnea (>60/min)
growth charts are specific for what two things
gender
age
what are you looking for on growth chart?
trends, velocity changes
child is slowly falling off the growth curve but their parents did the same and then grew in college
constitutional growth delay
baby around the age 9 month to year who is really big but then normalizes to average size
catch-down growth
when should infant be double the birth weight?
4-5 months
How much should infant gain in the first 6 months of life (when growth is the fastest)?
0.5 - 1 oz daily
How do you assess development in a child over 6 years old?
school performance
4 domains of development to be assessed in development
fine motor/adaptive
gross motor
language (receptive and expressive)
personal/social skills
AAP recommends standardized screening tests for development at which visits
9 months
18 months
30 months
when would you perform MCHAT screening?
9-18 months
24 - 30 months
How does a child develop gross and fine motor skills?
from head down (cephalocaudal fashion)
what does the language of a child correlate best with?
cognitive development
Developmental red flags sitting? transfer objects b/n hands? pointing? pincer grasp? walk alone? speak recognizable words?
can’t sit along by 9 months
unable to transfer object between hands by 1 year
not pointing by 1 year
abnormal pincer grip/grasp by 15 months
unable to walk alone by 18 months
failure to speak recognizable words by 2 years
when should a chile be able to sit alone?
6 months
when should child be able to transfer object between hands?
6 months
when should a child start pointing?
12 months
when should child have normal pincer grasp?
9 months
when should a child start walking
12 months
how should a 2 week old be put to sleep?
“back to sleep”
when can you start introducing new foods and solid foods in the babies diet?
4 months
what age should you start “child proofing” things?
6 months
what age does a baby start to “cruise”?
9 months
what age can you introduce whole milk?
12 months
what labs can you run on 12 month old?
lead
hemoglobin
why do you check the hemoglobin of 12 month old?
iron deficiency anemia → taking off iron rich formula and not eating iron rich food yet
what age should you stop feeding a child with a bottle?
15 months
how long should child stay in rear facing car seat?
2 years old
what age do you want to emphasize safety in?
24 months
“out of control behavior - screaming, stomping, hitting, head banging, falling down, violent displays of frustration”
temper tantrum
How should you counsel a parent on Temper Tantrums?
avoid reinforcing the behavior → don’t pay attention to it and avoid situations that may precipitate one
what do you want to screen for in child who is 12 - 18 yo?
depression
anxiety
substance abuse
what 3 things are screened for in newborn?
metabolic
hemoglobin electrophoresis
hearing evaluation
NIH says to check the cholesterol of all kids at least once between the ages of ____ and ____
9 - 11
18 - 20
when should a child start getting annual dental exams and 6 mo cleanings?
start at age 1 or within 6 months of first tooth
when can parents start brushing their childs teeth?
when they first see a tooth
When does separation anxiety begin in a child?
6 - 18 months
How should you counsel a parent with a child who has Breath Holding Spells?
self limiting condtion and do not reinforce the behavior
child refuses for go to school
occurs only on school days
no relation to social class, intelligence, academic ability
school phobia
frequent or prolonged nighttime awakenings requiring intervetnion (child feels like they can’t go back to sleep on their own)
sleep onset insomnia disorder
bedtime resistance or refusal → caregiver unwillingness or inability to enforce bedtime
limit setting insomnia disorder
awakens 1 - 3 hours after falling asleep
sleepwalking, sleep terrors, confusional arousal
occurs in non-REM sleep
parasomnia
when do sleep terrors occur?
beginning third of the night
sudden unexplained death during sleep in infant less than 1 year old
SIDS
4 preventable risk factors for SIDS
stomach/side sleeping or sleeping on soft surface
bed sharing
overheating
secondhand smoke
what age do you start potty training?
when they are developmentally ready
crampy achy muscle pain usually felt in both legs in preschoolers and preteens (3-4 & 8-12)
growing pains
how will growing pains present in comparison to pain related to cancer?
growing pain will alternate around legs
cancer pain → located in the same exact spot + odd bruising
when do growing pains usually occur?
late afternoon or early in sleep
growing pains are most likely associated with
intense activity
34% of childhood cancers are
Male > Female
between 2 -4 years old
acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
Symptoms of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
bone and joint pain fatigue weakness bleeding fever weight loss weird bruising
Cancer associated with headaches + dizziness + balance problems + vision/hearing/speech problems + frequent vomiting + bulging fontanelle
brain tumor
swelling or lump in belly + fever + pain + nausesa + poor appetite
Wilms Tumor
6% of childhood cancer → rarely after age 10
arises from immature nerve cells and usually starts in the belly (adrenal glands)
neuroblastoma
impaired ability to walk + changes in eyes (bulging, dark circle, droopy eyelids) + pain + diarrhea + HTN
neuroblastoma
child lacks red eye reflex (white or pink color) and unequal bilaterally - be concerned about?
retinoblastoma
