Growing up in a family Flashcards
What is internalization in discipline6
Internalization→ process by which children learn and accept the reasons for desired behaviour
- child act by parent’s rules even when not present
What are the two ways to foster internalization?
Reasoning and psychological pressure
What are the effects of too little or too much psychological pressure on children internalization?
- too little→ Child disobeys and ignores message
- too much→ only obey because forced to do it
What are the recommenced discipline guidelines?
Set limits→ have clear and consistent rules a child can follow
Give attention→ praise for good behaviour
Ignore bad behaviour→ As long as the behaviour is not dangerous
Give consequences→ must follow through to be effective
Time outs→ when specific rule is broken/ self regulation strategy
- warning before time out
- give calm explanation of what they did wrong
- pre set amount of time (1min for each year)
What are the main different parenting styles?
Authoritative-> High in sensitivity and discipline
Authoritarian-> High in discipline/ low in sensitivity
Permissive-> High in sensitivity/ low in discipline
Uninvolved-> Low in discipline and sensitivity
Describe authoritative parents and their child
- clear standards and limits
- explain reasoning behind rules
- allow autonomy within those limits
Kids’ Behaviours
- behave accordingly to adult’s expectations
- higher self confidence
- high social skills
- do well academically
Describe the authoritarian parents and their child
- cold and unresponsive
- don’t explain reasoning behind rules
- use threats and punishments to exercise power
Kids’ Behaviours
- Creates hostility in children towards parents
- Obedient in front of parent but tend to not internalize parent’s
message
- More likely to rebel against parent’s rules, especially in adolescence
- Lower in self-confidence and generally higher levels of mental health problems
- Lower social competence
- More behavioural problems, like aggression and delinquency
Describe the permissive parents and their child
- Responsive to child’s needs and wishes but are overly lenient
- Do not require child to regulate themselves
Kids’ Behaviours
- higher impulsivity and struggle with self-control
- lower academic achievement
- delinquency and aggression
Describe the uninvolved parents and their child
- disengaged from parenting
- rejecting and neglectful
Kids’ behaviours
- struggle with self-worth and mental health
- insecure attachment
- low in social and academic competence
- behavioural problems like substance abuse, risky sexual behaviours
Describe the helicopter/carpenter parents and their child
- overbearing and overprotective
- solve kids problems for them→ message that child is unable to overcome own struggles
Kids’ Behaviours
- increased anxiety and depression
- decreased self-regulation and self-efficacy
- poorer academic performance
Describe the gentle parenting style
- very high in warmth and focus on helping child regulate own emotions
- focus on validating emotions
- count on natural consequences of behaviour
- see time out and punishment as bad
What are some differences between the role of mothers and fathers in parenting?
Moms→ spend 1.5hours more with children
- more likely to provide physical care and emotional support
Dads
- more likely to play with children
What are the consequences of spanking on the child?
- internalize less parents’ rules
- more problematic relationship with parents
- more mental health problem
- lower self-esteem
What are the factors explaining the link between parents and their child?
Parenting practices (coercive cycle) and shared genes
What research design can show a bi-directional relationship between parents and child?
Longitudinal research
