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Chemistry > Groups Rates And Energy Changes > Flashcards

Groups Rates And Energy Changes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are group 0

A

Noble gases

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2
Q

Why are group 0 inert

A

They all have a full outer shell

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3
Q

What happens as you go down group 0

A

The b.p, m.p and density increase

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4
Q

What are the boiling points of group 0

A

Lower than room temp

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5
Q

What are some properties of noble gases

A

Colourless, very low b.p and m.p, Poor conductors of heat and electricity, all exists as single atoms because dont form bonds easily with other atoms

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6
Q

Uses of krypton

A

Photography lighting

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7
Q

Uses of argon

A

Added to the space above the wine in wine barrels

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8
Q

Uses of helium

A

Used in weather balloons and airships

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9
Q

Neon uses

A

Illuminated signs

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10
Q

What are group 1

A

Alkali metals

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11
Q

How many electrons do alkali metals have in their outer shell

A

1

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12
Q

What happens as you go down group 1

A

The reactivity increases

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13
Q

Why does the reactivity of group 1 increase as u go down it

A

As we move down the group, the outer electron is less attracted to the nucleus and easier to lose

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14
Q

Example of a reaction of an alkali metal with O2

A

4Li + O(2) — 2Li(2)O

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15
Q

Example of reaction of group 1 with chlorine

A

2Li + Cl(2) — 2LiCl

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16
Q

Example of reaction of group 1 metal with water

A

2Li + 2H(2)O — 2LiOH + H(2)

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17
Q

What are group 7

A

Halogens

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18
Q

What are halogens

A

Non metals

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19
Q

What happens as u go down group 7

A

Melting and boiling points increase

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20
Q

How many electrons do halogens have in their outer shell

A

7

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21
Q

What happens when group 7 react with other non metals

A

They form a covalent bond

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22
Q

What hapoens when group 7 react with metal atoms

A

Form an ionic compound

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23
Q

What happens to the group 7 atom when it reacts with a metal

A

The group 7 element gains one electron and forms a -1 ion

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24
Q

Definition for rate of reaction

A

The speed at which reactants are turned into products

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25
Q

How can you control rate of reaction

A

Altering the concentration of solutions and the size of the pieces of solid reactant

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26
Q

What is activation energy

A

The minimum amount of energy needed for a reaction to occur

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27
Q

What are enzymes

A

Large complex protein molecules

28
Q

What does an enzyme have

A

Active site

29
Q

What are substrates

A

The reactant moleucles

30
Q

What is an exothermic reaction

A

Energy is released

31
Q

Endothermic reaction

A

Energy is needed

32
Q

What is a neutralisation reaction

A

Reaction between acid and base, exothermic

33
Q

What is a displacement reaction

A

Reaction between mental and a compound of a less reactive metal or between a halogen and less reactive compound of a halogen

34
Q

How to calculate rate of reaction

A

Amount of reactant used or amount of product formed / time

35
Q

What are the 3 ways to measure rate of reaction

A

Precipitation, change in mass, the volume of gas given off - gas syringe

36
Q

What can u use to measure how surface area affects rate

A

Marble chips and hydrochloric acid

37
Q

What is a precipitate

A

An insoluble solid in water

38
Q

What does a steeper gradient show

A

Faster rate of reaction

39
Q

What increases rats of reaction

A

Increasing temp

40
Q

What is collision theory

A

Particles must collide with enough energy to react

41
Q

What does rate of reaction depend on

A

Collision frequency, energy transferred during collision

42
Q

What 3 things increases rate of reaction

A

Increasing temp, increasing concentration/pressure, smaller surface area/smaller solid particles

43
Q

Why does increasing temperature increase rate of reaction

A

Makes particles faster, more collisions also increases energy of collisions - more successful collisions

44
Q

Why does increasing pressure or concentration increase ror

A

If solution is concentrated there are more particles, increasing pressure makes particles more crowded - more frequent collisons

45
Q

Why does smalled surface area/smaller solid particles increase ror

A

Higher rate increases surface area : volume ratio, particles have more area to work on collision frequency

46
Q

How do catalysts work

A

They decrease the activation energy

47
Q

What do reaction profiles show

A

Energy levels of products and reactants

48
Q

What do catalysts do

A

Increase ror but never chemically change or get used up

49
Q

Mass of proton

A

1

50
Q

Mass of neutron

A

1

51
Q

Mass of electron

A

0.0005

52
Q

Charge of proton

A

+1

53
Q

Charge of neutron

A

0

54
Q

Charge of electron

A

-1

55
Q

Properties of alkali metals

A

Soft, low melting points

56
Q

What colour and physical state is chlorine at room temp

A

Poisonous green gas

57
Q

What colour and physical state is iodine at room temp

A

Dark grey crystalline solid which gives off a purple vapour when heated

58
Q

What colour and physical state is bromine at room temp

A

Poisonous red-brown liquid which gives off an orange vapour at room temp

59
Q

What happens to the physical properties of halogens as you go down the group

A

The melting point increases and the halogens get darker

60
Q

What do halogens form when they react with other metals

A

Salts called metal halides

61
Q

What do halogens form when they react with hydrogen

A

Hydrogen halides which are soluble (dissolve in water) to form acidic solutions

62
Q

What happens to the reactivity when u go down group 7

A

Reactivity decreases

63
Q

What happens in a halogen displacement reaction

A

The halogens gain electrons (reduction) and the halide ions lose electrons (oxidation)

64
Q

What is bond breaking

A

Endothermic

65
Q

What is bind making

A

Exothermic

Chemistry (8 decks)

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