Extracting Metals And Equilibria

Question 1

What does it show is a metal is below hydrogen in the reactivity series

Answer 1

It’s less reactive than hydrogen and won’t react with dilute acids

Question 2

What is the order of the metals in the reactivity series

Answer 2

Potassium please
Sodium stop
Calcium calling 
Magnesium me 
Aluminium a
Carbon cute
Zinc zebra
Iron I 
Lead like
Hydrogen her
Copper calling
Silver smart 
Gold goat

Question 3

What experiment can u do to show that some metals are more reactive than others

Answer 3

Place little pieces of various metals into dilute hydrochloric acid

Question 4

What happens if the metal is more reactive when experimenting with acid

Answer 4

The reaction will be faster

Question 5

What happens if the metal is very reactive when experimenting with dilute acid

Answer 5

It will fizz vigorously

Question 6

What happens if the metal is less reactive when experimenting with dilute acid

Answer 6

It will bubble a bit

Question 7

How do u show that hydrogen is forming

Answer 7

Squeaky pop test, the louder the squeaky pop, the more hydrogen has been made in that time period so the more reactive the metal was

Question 8

What is the word equation for reactions of metals with water

Answer 8

Metal + water — metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Or
Less reactive metal + steam — metal oxide + hydrogen

Question 9

What type of reactions are displacement reactions

Answer 9

Redox

Question 10

What is a redox reaction

Answer 10

Reduction and oxidation happen simultaneously

Question 11

What happens to the metals in a displacement reaction in terms of electrons

Answer 11

The more reactive metal loses electrons and the less reactive metal gains electrons - more reactive metal is oxidised, less restive metal is reduced

Question 12

What does it mean if a metal is more resistant to oxidation

Answer 12

They are less reactive and near the bottom of the reactivity series

Question 13

Where are most of the metals that we use found

Answer 13

In their ores in the earths crust

Question 14

What happens after the ores are mined

Answer 14

The metals can then be extracted from the ores

Question 15

Where are some un reactive metals found

Answer 15

In the earth crusts as un combined elements which then need to be refined before used e.g. gold, platinum

Question 16

How can a metal be extracted from its ore

Answer 16

Chemically by reduction using carbon

Question 17

Example of symbol equation of iron be reduced using carbon

Answer 17

2Fe(2)O(3) + 3C — 4Fe + 3CO(2)

Question 18

How do metals higher than carbon in the reactivity series have to be extracted

Answer 18

Using electrolysis- expensive

Question 19

How can metals be,ow carbon in the reactivity series be extracted

Answer 19

By reduction using carbon except silver and gold which are found as uncombined elements

Question 20

How is electrolysis used to extract metals more reactive than carbon

Answer 20

Once the metal ore is melted, an electric current is passed thru it, the metal is discharged at the cathode and the non-metal at the anode

Question 21

What is the disadvantage of using electrolysis to extract metals

Answer 21

It’s expensive because it uses lots of electricity and some costs to melt the ore

Question 22

What are 2 biological methods used to extract metals from their ores

Answer 22

Bioleaching and phytoextraction

Question 23

What is bioleaching

Answer 23

Uses bacteria to separate metals from their ores e.g. copper can be separated from copper sílfide this way. The bacteria get energy from the bonds between the atoms in the ore, separating out the metal from the ore in the process. The leachate (solution produced by the process) contains metal ions, which can be extracted by electrolysis or displacement

Question 24

What is phytoextraction

Answer 24

This involves growing plants in soil that contains metal compound, the plants can’t use or get rid of the compounds so it builds up in their leaves , the plants can then be harvested dried and burned in a furnace, the ash contains metal compounds from which the metal can be extracted by electrolysis or displacement reactions

Question 25

Disadvantage of phytoextraction and bioleaching

Answer 25

Slow

Question 26

Advantage of bioleaching and phytoextraction

Answer 26

Better for environment

Question 27

Advantages of recycling

Answer 27

Saves energy - as this process only uses a small fraction of the energy needed to extract and refine the material from scratch
Conserves resources
Better for the environment- recycling metals means we don’t need as many mines and cuts down on the amount of rubbish sent to landfill

Question 28

What does a life cycle do

Answer 28

Looks at each stage of life of a product - from making the material from natural raw materials, to making the product from the material, using the product and disposing of the product - it works out the potential environmental impact of each stage