Extracting Metals And Equilibria Flashcards
What does it show is a metal is below hydrogen in the reactivity series
It’s less reactive than hydrogen and won’t react with dilute acids
What is the order of the metals in the reactivity series
Potassium please Sodium stop Calcium calling Magnesium me Aluminium a Carbon cute Zinc zebra Iron I Lead like Hydrogen her Copper calling Silver smart Gold goat
What experiment can u do to show that some metals are more reactive than others
Place little pieces of various metals into dilute hydrochloric acid
What happens if the metal is more reactive when experimenting with acid
The reaction will be faster
What happens if the metal is very reactive when experimenting with dilute acid
It will fizz vigorously
What happens if the metal is less reactive when experimenting with dilute acid
It will bubble a bit
How do u show that hydrogen is forming
Squeaky pop test, the louder the squeaky pop, the more hydrogen has been made in that time period so the more reactive the metal was
What is the word equation for reactions of metals with water
Metal + water — metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Or
Less reactive metal + steam — metal oxide + hydrogen
What type of reactions are displacement reactions
Redox
What is a redox reaction
Reduction and oxidation happen simultaneously
What happens to the metals in a displacement reaction in terms of electrons
The more reactive metal loses electrons and the less reactive metal gains electrons - more reactive metal is oxidised, less restive metal is reduced
What does it mean if a metal is more resistant to oxidation
They are less reactive and near the bottom of the reactivity series
Where are most of the metals that we use found
In their ores in the earths crust
What happens after the ores are mined
The metals can then be extracted from the ores
Where are some un reactive metals found
In the earth crusts as un combined elements which then need to be refined before used e.g. gold, platinum
How can a metal be extracted from its ore
Chemically by reduction using carbon
Example of symbol equation of iron be reduced using carbon
2Fe(2)O(3) + 3C — 4Fe + 3CO(2)
How do metals higher than carbon in the reactivity series have to be extracted
Using electrolysis- expensive
How can metals be,ow carbon in the reactivity series be extracted
By reduction using carbon except silver and gold which are found as uncombined elements
How is electrolysis used to extract metals more reactive than carbon
Once the metal ore is melted, an electric current is passed thru it, the metal is discharged at the cathode and the non-metal at the anode
What is the disadvantage of using electrolysis to extract metals
It’s expensive because it uses lots of electricity and some costs to melt the ore
What are 2 biological methods used to extract metals from their ores
Bioleaching and phytoextraction
What is bioleaching
Uses bacteria to separate metals from their ores e.g. copper can be separated from copper sílfide this way. The bacteria get energy from the bonds between the atoms in the ore, separating out the metal from the ore in the process. The leachate (solution produced by the process) contains metal ions, which can be extracted by electrolysis or displacement
What is phytoextraction
This involves growing plants in soil that contains metal compound, the plants can’t use or get rid of the compounds so it builds up in their leaves , the plants can then be harvested dried and burned in a furnace, the ash contains metal compounds from which the metal can be extracted by electrolysis or displacement reactions
Disadvantage of phytoextraction and bioleaching
Slow
Advantage of bioleaching and phytoextraction
Better for environment
Advantages of recycling
Saves energy - as this process only uses a small fraction of the energy needed to extract and refine the material from scratch
Conserves resources
Better for the environment- recycling metals means we don’t need as many mines and cuts down on the amount of rubbish sent to landfill
What does a life cycle do
Looks at each stage of life of a product - from making the material from natural raw materials, to making the product from the material, using the product and disposing of the product - it works out the potential environmental impact of each stage
