Groups, Organizations and Institutions

Question 1

Social Group

Answer 1

Two or more people who share some attribute and interact with one another.

Question 2

Primary Group

Answer 2

A small group of people who engage in intimate face-to-face interaction over an extended period

Question 3

Secondary Group

Answer 3

A large, usually formal, impersonal, and temporary collection or people who pursue a specific goal or activity

Question 4

Ideal Types

Answer 4

General traits that describe a social phenomenon rather than every case

Question 5

In-Group

Answer 5

People who share a sense of identity and “we-ness” that typically excludes and devalues outsiders

Question 6

Out-Group

Answer 6

People who are viewed and treated negatively because they’re seen as having values, beliefs, and other characteristics different from those of an in-group.

Question 7

Reference Group

Answer 7

people who shape our behavior, values, and attitudes

Question 8

Dyad

Answer 8

A group with two members

Question 9

Triad

Answer 9

A group with three members

Question 10

Authoritarian Leader

Answer 10

Gives orders, assigns tasks, and makes all major decisions

Question 11

Democratic Leader

Answer 11

Encourages group discussion and includes everyone in the decision-making process.

Question 12

Laissez-faire Leader

Answer 12

Offers little or no guidance to group members and allows them to make their own decisions

Question 13

Groupthink

Answer 13

A situation in which in-group members make faulty decisions because of group pressures, rather than critically testing, analyzing and evaluating ideas and evidence.

Question 14

Social Network

Answer 14

A web of social ties that links individuals or groups to one another

Question 15

Formal Organization

Answer 15

A complex and structured secondary group designed to achieve specific goals in an efficient manner.

Question 16

Bureaucracy

Answer 16

A formal organization designed to accomplish goals and tasks in an efficient and rational way

Question 17

Goal Displacement

Answer 17

A preoccupation with rules and regulations rather than achieving the organization’s objectives

Question 18

Alienation

Answer 18

A feeling of isolation, meaninglessness, and powerlessness.

Question 19

Iron law of Oligarchy

Answer 19

The tendency of a bureaucracy to become increasingly dominated by a small group of people.

Question 20

Glass Ceiling

Answer 20

Workplace attitudes or organizational biases that prevent women from advancing to leadership positions.

Question 21

Glass Escalator

Answer 21

Men who enter female-dominated occupations and receive higher wages and faster promotions than women.

Question 22

Social Institution

Answer 22

An organized and established social system that meets one or more of a society’s basic needs.