Education and Religion

Question 1

Education

Answer 1

A social institution that transmits attitudes, knowledge, beliefs, values, norms, and skills.

Question 2

Schooling

Answer 2

Formal training and instruction provided in a classroom setting.

Question 3

Achievement gap

Answer 3

The difference in academic performance that shows up in grades, standardized test scores, and college completion rates.

Question 4

Hidden Curriculum

Answer 4

School practices that transmit nonacademic knowledge, values, attitudes, norms, and beliefs.

Question 5

Credentialism

Answer 5

An emphasis on certificates or degrees to show that people have certain skills, educational attainment levels, or job qualifications.

Question 6

Tracking (streaming; ability grouping)

Answer 6

Assigning students to specific educational programs and classes on the basis of test scores, previous grades, or perceived ability

Question 7

Meritocracy

Answer 7

A system that rewards people because of their individual accomplishments

Question 8

Religion

Answer 8

A social institution that involves shared beliefs, values, and practices related to the supernatural

Question 9

Sacred

Answer 9

Anything that people see as awe-inspiring, supernatural, holy, and not part of the natural world.

Question 10

Profane

Answer 10

The ordinary and everyday elements of life that aren’t related to religion

Question 11

Religiosity

Answer 11

The ways people demonstrate their religious beliefs

Question 12

Cult

Answer 12

A religious group that is devoted to beliefs and practices that are outside of those accepted in mainstream society.

Question 13

New Religious Movement (NRM)

Answer 13

Term used instead of cult by most sociologists.

Question 14

Charismatic Leader

Answer 14

Someone that followers see as having exceptional or superhuman powers and qualities.

Question 15

Sect

Answer 15

A religious group that has been broken away from an established religion

Question 16

Denomination

Answer 16

A subgroup within a religion that shares its name and traditions and is generally on good terms with the main group

Question 17

Church

Answer 17

A large established religious group that has strong ties to mainstream society

Question 18

Secularization

Answer 18

A process in which religion loses its social and cultural influence

Question 19

Fundamentalism

Answer 19

The belief in the literal meaning of a sacred text.

Question 20

Civil religion (secular religion)

Answer 20

Integrating religious beliefs into secular life

Question 21

Protestant ethic

Answer 21

A belief that hard work, diligence, self-denial, frugality, and economic success will lead to salvation in the afterlife.

Question 22

False Consciousness

Answer 22

An acceptance of a system of beliefs that prevents people from protesting oppression.