Groups Of Side Effects

Question 1

Anti cholinergic

Answer 1

Sx: Dilated pupils, blurred vision, dry mouth, flushed skin, urinary retention, constipation

Causes: TCA, antihistamines, hyoscine, atropine, antipsychotics, incontinence medications

Question 2

Anti histaminergic

Answer 2

Sx: weight gain, sedation

Causes: TCA, antipsychotics, antihistamines

Question 3

Anti alpha adrenergic

Answer 3

Sx: Postural hypotension, sexual dysfunction, nasal congestion, headache

Causes: TCA, antidepressants, antipsychotics, alpha blockers

Question 4

Anti dopaminergic

Answer 4

Sx: extrapyramidal Sx (tardive dyskinesia, Parkinsonism), hyperprolactinaemia (galactorrhoea, oligomenorrhoea, subfertility), NMS, oculogyric crisis

Causes: metoclopramide, anti psychotics

Question 5

Drugs with narrow therapeutic windows

Answer 5

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Gentamicin, warfarin, lithium, digoxin, theophylline, methotrexate, phenytoin, insulin, cyclosporine

NB- can cause serious side effects/toxicity so levels have to be monitored and in some cases other parameters eg. FBC UE etc.