Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Social Psych 1Z03 > Groups > Flashcards

Groups Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Four core concerns

A

1 The impact of one individual on another’s behaviour & beliefs

2 The impact of a group on a member’s behaviour and beliefs

3 The impact of a member on a group’s activities and structure

4 The impact of one group on another’s group’s activities and structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Primary Groups:

A

Smaller wither strong emotional Ties—family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Secondary Groups:

A

Formal and Impersonal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Group Cohesion

A

A groups cohesion is the extent to which its members desire to remain in it, and resist leaving.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

True of false Highly cohesive groups maintain a firm hold over its members, time, energy loyalty and commitment- Marked by positive ties of “We Feeling”

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

True or False Cohesion increases productivity and preforms and always equal success

A

False

Cohesion increases productivity and preforms but does not always equal success

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Social Cohesion:

A
  • Enjoy having our beliefs validated

- They stay because they like the members, they like the interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Task Cohesion

A
  • Stay in group because they are interested and involved in the task that the group does

whether the members find the tasks valuable, interesting, and challenging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Homophily refers to

A

The tendency for individuals to associate with similar others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Goal Isomorphism refers to

A

A state in which group goals and individual goals are compatible in the sense that actions leading to group goals also lead to the attainment of individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happened in The Ringelmann Rope-Pulling Task (1913) ask the members increased?

A

As numbers of member’s increase, the average contribution of each member decreases (pulled less)

  • Motivation loss that occurs when an individual’s contribution becomes less clear to the group
  • More people results in social loafing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Attributes of Groups

A

Membership
Social interaction among members
Goals shared by members
Shared norms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Explanations for Social Loafing

A

Diffusion of responsibility
Dispensability
“Sucker effect”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Explain Diffusion of responsibility

A

As groups become larger, deindividuation (Loss of self-awareness in a groups)
- We are less likely to monitor what we are doing in the group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Explain Dispensability

A

Contribution perceived as smaller, and more redundant

“If I stop pulling it, it’ll be fine”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Explain the “Sucker effect”

A

If people perceive that they are doing more than their fair share of the group’s work, they may reduce effort, to wait and see the effort of other members

17
Q

Social Loafing refers to

A

the concept that people are prone to do less if they are in a group versus when they work alone.

18
Q

Social Facilitation

A

the tendency for improved performance in the presence of others

The presence of others produces a state of arousal that improves focus on simple behaviours or behaviours that we know well (dominant responses)

For complex or unfamiliar behaviours, performance may decrease in the presence of others

19
Q

Conformity

A

Conformity is a type of social influence involving a change in belief or behaviour in order to fit in with a group

20
Q

Define a normative influence

A

when Individuals conform to the group in an attempt for social approval

21
Q

Define informational influence

A

when Individuals conform to the group due to an ambiguous situation

22
Q

Sherif (1936) Autokinetic Effect study

A
  • Autokinetic effect: visual perception phenomenon
  • a stationary, small point of light in a dark environment appears to move due to involuntary eye movement.

Conclusion: tendency to conform is higher when task is uncertain—they were not lying in order to fit in… because they estimate is fixed when they go back into isolation, they are using each other as a frame of reference

Informational influence of conformity

23
Q

Asch (1955) Line Study

A

-The task is to judge which of the three comparison lines is closest in length to the standard line

  • 25% of participants showed no conformity, while 75% conformed at some point
  • Public compliance without private acceptance,

-Showed majority opinion even when obviously incorrect strongly influences the judgements of the naïve participants

Normative influences of conformity

24
Q

Factors Shaping Conformity

A
  • Group size—the bigger the group the more likely to conform.
  • Strength of group norms—in more cohesive groups conformity is higher
  • Group unanimity
  • Individual motivation,
  • Attractiveness to group— how much we like the group/ we want the group to like us

Task uncertainty + individual skill

25
Q

Floyd Allport 1924- Odor study

A

Original Lab study of conformity
Ratings where more extreme when alone, and less extreme in front of others

Conclusion: people adjust their response in the presence of others

26
Q

Obedience to Authority VS Conformity

A

Obedience to authority is behaving by instruction- the source is the authority

Conformity is more broad, and shaped by society norms and roles. The source is the group

27
Q

The presence of others produces

A

a state of arousal that improves focus on simple behaviours – dominant responses

28
Q

Explain Social Loafing

A

Group is decreasing your performance
- Motivation loss that occurs when an individual’s contribution becomes
less clear to the group
- Harder to identify your contribution as compared to others

29
Q

How to avoid Social Loafing

A

Visibility of task: hard for sucker effect to occur
 Create a shared goal and connecting it to individual goal
 Make the group less visible and make the person think they are in a
smaller group
 Embarrassment or visible penalties for not engaging
 Track and report tasks -> make them measurable
 Have a level of transparency but can also create conflict
 Have a balance between transparency and motivation
 Have an understanding of your individual role

30
Q

Evidence to support Social facilitation

A

Triplett’s (1898) - increased speed in bringing reel with other’s around them

Allport experiment (1920) - Word association tasks improved in presence of others performing same task

Michaels study of pool players ( 1882) - Observer stand close to the pool player
 Good players improve by about 10%
 Less skilled players decreased about 10%

Resenbloom( 2007) observation of learner drivers
 People sitting with people giving their driving test
 Decreased the likelihood of them passing the test

Gardner and Knowles study of college students and handwriting tests
 Got students to write easy tasks
 Then got them to write with their non-dominant hand
 Projected picture of favourite TV star
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
 Greater task completion for easy task in the presence of TV star image
 Performance with non-dominant hand decreased

31
Q

Real Life Conformity examples

A

Jury Deliberations

  • Tanford and Panrod
  • Watched 3 trials
  • By the 3rd video, they came to a conclusion much faster than the 1st
  • People were going with the majority much faster

9/11 Twin Tower Office Victims

  • Some people didn’t leaǀe
  • due to looking around and seeing other people stay

Groupthink
- Overwhelmed by pressures for unanimity within the group, members fail to
realistically evaluate alternative course of action, and make poor decisions

32
Q

Groups represent a fundamental concept of social behaviour and They shape individual behaviour in what ways?

A
  • Social loafing
  • Social facilitation
  • Conformity to group pressures
33
Q

The extent that groups shape behaviour depends on a number of group-level and individual-level
factors which are:

A 
Group size
 Strength of group norms
 Group unanimity
 Individual motivation
 Attractiveness to group
 Task certainty + individual skill
34
Q

Sherif and Asch studies demonstrated that with the mere presence and behaviour of
others leads to…

A

Conformity being even more common for individuals in established groups
with strong in-group identification and norms

The bigger the group, to a certain point, the more likely the group will conform

Social Psych 1Z03 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions