Groups

Question 1

Groupthink

Answer 1

When a group makes faulty decisions because of group pressures

Question 2

Illusion of invulnerability

Answer 2

Excessive optimism is created that encourage taking extreme risks

Question 3

Collective rationalization

Answer 3

Member discount warnings and do not reconsider their assumptions

Question 4

Belief in inherent morality

Answer 4

Members believe in the rightness of their cause, and ignore the ethical or moral consequences of their decisions

Question 5

Stereotyped views of those “on the out”

Answer 5

Negative views of the “enemy” make conflict seem unnecessary

Question 6

Direct pressure on dissenters

Answer 6

Members are under pressure, not to express arguments against any of the group’s views

Question 7

Self censorship

Answer 7

Doubts and deviations from the perceived group consensus are not expressed

Question 8

Illusion of unanimity

Answer 8

The majority view and judgments are assumed to be unanimous

Question 9

Self appointed “mind guards”

Answer 9

Members protect the group and the leader from information that is problematic or contradictory to the group cohesiveness, views, and/or decisions

Question 10

Group polarization

Answer 10

Occurs during group decision-making, when discussion strengthens a dominant point of view and results in a shift to a more extreme position than any of the members would adopt on their own