Groups Flashcards
What is the definition of a group
Involving 2 or more people interacting with each other where each person influences and is influenced by the other
Characteristics that a group needs?
A collective identity (kit)
Shared common goal
Structured pattern of communication
Interaction (friends, close outside of games)
Who found the model of group development?
Tuckman
What is the first stage of Tuchman’s model?
What does this mean?
Forming - group comes together, get to know one another
Will they fit in?
What is the 2nd stage of Tuckman’s model?
What does this mean?
Storming - potential conflict
Competing for a role/position
What is the third stage in Tuckmans model?
What does this mean?
Norming - group begins to settle & cooperate
Cohesion starts to develop
What is the fourth stage of Tuckmans model?
What does this mean?
Performance - all now interacting
Support each other, improve performance
What are the characteristics of a cohesive team?
Good communication
Respect/trust
Common goals
Who found the antecedents model?
Carron
What are environmental factors?
Group size, time available, age
What are personal factors?
Fitness, similarity, acceptance of roles
What are the team factors?
Motivation, ability, desire to succeed
What are the leadership factors?
Leader style (autocratic, democratic, lassiez faire)
What is task cohesion?
Individuals working together to meet a common aim
What is social cohesion?
Individuals that feel attached to each other. Support each other both inside and outside of the sport
Evaluate task cohesion
Can override issues with SC
Players can work hard on pitch but not socialise
Evaluate social cohesion
Get along and feel attached to others
Can cause divides/subgroups
Team can do well without SC
Who founded the model of team performance?
Steiner
What is the equation that Steiner proposed?
Actual performance = potential productivity - losses due to faulty processes
What is the actual productivity?
The teams level of achievement in specific task
What is potential productivity?
Maximum capability of the group when cohesiveness is strongest
What is the losses due to faulty group processes?
Factors that go wrong in team performance which prevent group cohesion
What is a co-ordination problem?
What does this result in?
Team members failing to communicate properly with each other
Poor timing, set plays break down
What are motivational problems?
Low motivation causes losses as motivated people are carrying others
What is the ringelman effect?
The average individual performance decreases as a group size increases
What is social loafing?
Lowers the level of effort they contribute to the team as they believe they aren’t valued (so stop trying)
What are the factors that cause performers to loaf?
No clear role
Lack of confidence
Poor coach
Goals unrealistic
Strategies to overcome social loafing?
Rewards/reinforcement
Special roles
Goal setting
Leadership match style of group
