Group Dynamics Flashcards
What are the 4 group features and examples?
- Interaction between group members e.g defence and central players working together to mark specific players
- A collective identity e.g wearing the same sports kit
- Shared objective or common goals e.g to achieve success
- Communication e.g hand signal in rugby to indicate where the ball is being thrown in rugby
Who suggested group formation has 5 stages in the development of a sports team?
Tuckman (1965)
What are the 5 stages in the development of a sports team?
- Forming
- Storming
- Norming
- Performing
- Mourning
What is forming and an example?
Getting to know each other e.g netball players come together and get to know each other
What is storming and an example?
Conflict between positions, statuses e.g two players competing for the same position
What is norming and an example?
Cooperation after conflicts are resolved e.g netball team works together so cohesion of team develops
What is performing and an example?
Common goals and success e.g winning a match
What is mourning and an example?
Goals have been achieved and team may disband e.g leaving the team
What is cohesion?
The desire of group members to achieve their goals and forces acting to keep members within the group
What are the 2 types of cohesion?
Task and social
What is task cohesion and an example?
Looks at the end result and involves every player working together to achieve the goal e.g winning a title
What is social cohesion and an example?
Looks at the interaction of individuals in the team and how they work with each other e.g socialising in and outside of the sport
What is cohesion affected by?
- Past success
- Communication
- Sharing common goals
- Unequal pay and rewards
- Personality
- Threats to the team
- Type of sport
- Size of group
- Similarity of group members
- Likelihood of success
What is Steiner’s model of group performance?
Actual productivity = Potential productivity - Loss due to faulty processes
What is actual productivity and an example?
Result e.g win or loss
What is potential productivity and an example?
Groups best performance e.g est possible outcome
What is faulty process and an example?
The things that go wrong e.g lack of cohesion, injury
What is lack of co-ordination caused by?
- Poor strategies
- Bad timing
- Misunderstanding of roles and coaches instructions
- Lack of communication
- Poor tactics
What is social loafing?
Loss of individual motivation due to the lack of performance identification
What is social loafing caused by?
Negative attitude
Lack of reinforcement
Low ability
Poor leadership
Low confidence
A belief your effort won’t change the results
What is social loafing prevented by?
Statistics
Peer group pressure
Set goals
Give roles
Highlighting individual performance
What is the Ringlemann Effect?
States that individual perfomance decreases with group size
What study supports the Ringlemann Effect?
A study of Tug of War found that a team of 8 people didn’t pull 8 times as hard as individually
Are winning teams cohesive?
Winning teams display high task cohesion
Cohesive groups are usually winners
Task cohesion is more important
Success follows when task and social cohesion is high
Other factors promote success, not just cohesion
Winning teams may not need social cohesion if committed to task - task cohesion is enough
