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sports studies > Aquistion of skill > Flashcards

Aquistion of skill Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the characteristics of skill?

A

Accurate
Controlled
Economical

Fluent
Aesthetically pleasing
Consistent
Efficient

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2
Q

What does the characteristic ‘Accurate’ of skill mean?

A

Skill achieves a predetermined goal

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3
Q

What does the characteristic ‘Controlled’ of skill mean?

A

The performer has control over movement, well co-ordinated movement

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4
Q

What does the characteristic ‘Economical’ of skill mean?

A

The skill requires minimal outlay of energy

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5
Q

What does the characteristic ‘Fluent’ of skill mean?

A

The action is smooth and flowing

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6
Q

What does the characteristic ‘Aesthetically pleasing’ of skill mean?

A

The skill looks good

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7
Q

What does the characteristic ‘Consistant’ of skill mean?

A

The repeated success, very few mistakes

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8
Q

What does the characteristic ‘Efficient’ of skill mean?

A

There is no waste of energy and the movement seems effortless

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9
Q

What is the definition of skill?

A

‘The learned ability to bring about predetermined results with maximum certainty, often with the minimum outlay of time or energy or both’

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10
Q

What are the 6 different classifications of skills?

A

Simple and Complex
Open and Closed
Self-paced and Externally-paced
Gross and Fine
Discrete, Serial and Continuous
High and Low

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of an open skill?

A
  • Affected by the environment
  • Predominantly perceptual
  • Movements must be adapted
  • Most are externally paced
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12
Q

What is an example of an open skill?

A

A tennis serve

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of a closed skill?

A
  • Not affected by the environment
  • Predominantly habitual
  • Set movements
  • Self paced
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14
Q

What is an example of a closed skill?

A

A javelin throw

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of a gross skill?

A
  • Major body movements involving large muscle groups
  • Associated with strength, power and endurance
  • Little fine control required
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16
Q

What is an example of a gross skill?

A

A tennis serve

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of a fine skill?

A
  • Intricate, fine movements using small muscle groups
  • Associated with accuracy and precision
  • Requires good hand-eye co-ordination
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18
Q

What is an example of a fine skill?

A

A dart throw

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19
Q

What are the characteristics of a self-paced skill?

A
  • Performer has control over the rate at which the skill is carried out
  • Involved pro-action by the performer
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20
Q

What is an example of a self-paced skill?

A

Tennis serve

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21
Q

What are the characteristics of an externally-paced skill?

A
  • Performer has no control over the rate at which the skill is carried out
  • Involved reaction by the performer
22
Q

What is an example of an externally-paced skill?

A

A rugby tackle

23
Q

What are the characteristics of a discrete skill?

A
  • Clear start/end
  • Skills can be repeated but the performer starts again
  • Single specific skill
24
Q

What is an example of a discrete skill?

A

Tennis serve

25
Q

What are the characteristics of a serial skill?

A
  • Several discrete elements are put together to make integrated movement/sequence
  • The order of the elements are important
26
Q

What is an example of a serial skill?

A

Triple jump

27
Q

What are the characteristics of a continuous skill?

A
  • No obvious start/end
  • Continues for as long as the performer wishes
  • The end of one cycle is the beginning of the next
  • No clear sub routines
28
Q

What is an example of a continuous skill?

A

Running

29
Q

What are the characteristics of a high skill?

A
  • Skill is not easily broken down into parts
  • The action is very quick and the subroutines merge quickly as the skill is performed
  • Best practiced as a whole
30
Q

What is an example of a high skill?

A

A kick in football

31
Q

What are the characteristics of a low skill?

A
  • Sub-routines tend to be discrete
  • Best practised separately and then integrated into the whole skill
  • Can be learnt/practiced using part method
32
Q

What is an example of a low skill?

A

A swimming stroke

33
Q

What are the characteristics of a simple skill?

A
  • Small amounts of info to be processed
  • Few decisions to be made
34
Q

What is an example of a simple skill?

A

A forward roll

35
Q

What are the characteristics of a complex skill?

A
  • Large amount of info to be processed
  • A number of decisions to be made quickly
  • A high number of sub-routines that need to be performed quickly and accurately
  • Feedback is available
36
Q

What is an example of a complex skill?

A

Rugby tackle

37
Q

What are the 4 transfers of learning?

A

Positive
Negative
Zero
Bilateral

38
Q

What is a transfer?

A

The influence of one skill on the performance of another

39
Q

How does positive transfer impact skill development?

A

It occurs when learning in one task is enhanced by the learning in another task

40
Q

What is an example of a positive transfer?

A

Learning a golf stroke - enhanced by virtue of the fact that the player is a good cricketer

41
Q

How does negative transfer impact skill development?

A

It occurs when the learning of a new task is interfered with by the knowledge of another activity

42
Q

What is an example of negative transfer?

A

The flexible use of the wrist needed for badminton may interfere with the firm wrist needed for tennis

43
Q

How does zero transfer impact skill development?

A

No transfer at all may occur even between skills which appear to be similar

44
Q

What is an example of zero transfer?

A

Learning at squash may have zero transfer from weight training

45
Q

How does bilateral transfer impact skill development?

A

It takes place from one side to another and is sometimes called lateralisation

46
Q

What is an example of bilateral transfer?

A

A footballer learning to pass with their left foot when they have previously learned this skill with their right foot

47
Q

What are cognitive skills and what’s an example?

A

Skills that require the use of a person’s mental powers
Example: putting topspin on a tennis ball

48
Q

What are motor skills and what’s an example?

A

Skills that involve physical movements and muscular control linked to a specific objective
Example: a golf swing

49
Q

What are perceptual skills?

A

Where you interpret and make sense of the information coming in via senses

50
Q

What are psycho-motor skills and what’s an example?

A

The co-ordination and smooth execution and movements and responses
Example: catching a pass in netball

sports studies (11 decks)

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