Group and Team dynamics Flashcards by Saffron Ivory

What situations does sport contain?

Groups
Interaction
Individual sports men and women have teams around them

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What is one of the relevent aspects of sport when in a group and why?

The behaviour of people in groups is particularly relevant to sport as many situations involve groups and interaction

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In order to maximise the potential of any group what is important to understand?

How people work together

What makes an effective team

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What is cohesion?

As the united nature of a group of individuals who aim to reach a shared goal

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What are the two types of cohesion?

Task cohesion

Social cohesion

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What is Task cohesion?

The process of individuals on a team working together to complete a task successfully

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What is social cohesion?

The positive interrelationships of the group members

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What is the definition of a group/team?

Two or more people interacting with one another in such a manner that each person influences and is influenced by each other

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What is another defintion of a group/team?

A collective identity, a shared sense of purpose, strutcured interaction patterns and communication

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How do we measure Team cohesion and what is it?

Group Dynamic Sociogram, this is where each memebrer of the team highlights who they interact more/better with within the team/squad

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What if individuals were placed in an unfamiliar situations?

If individuals are place in unfamiliar situation they are more likely to refer to the behaviours of others

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What do people need?

Social Acceptance

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What if individuals were put in potentially embarrasing situations?

Individuals who are put in potenitially embarrasing situations will experience a conflict between their own and other people opinions

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What does the psychological theory- conformity within groups suggest?

If individuals are put in unfamiliar situations they are more likely to refer to the behaviour of other
People need social acceptance. Individuals who are put in potentially embarrassing situations will experience a conflict between their own and other peoples opinions

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Over time, what would all groups exhibit?

Interpersonal relationships - High levels of social cohesion
Interaction - Strong communication
Interdependence - Responsibility is shared within the group
Identical Golal - High levels of Task Cohesion
Identity - Similarities / Affinity
Independence- Clearly defined Roles within the group

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What does Tuckman suggest?

That groups form slowly into effective teams. Development involves four stages:
Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing

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What is the forming part of the Development stages?

The initial stage of
meeting of group
members, with
interactions forming
inter-relationships
within the group and
sharing opinions. At
this stage, as
individual’s focus is
on what they can
contribute to the
team.

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What is the Storming part f the 4 development stages?

Certain members are
drawn to each other.
Problems begin to be
identified at this stage.
Leadership styles may
clash at this stage.
Focus needs to be on
team performance,
rather than individual
performance.

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What is the Norming part of the four stages?

This stage involves
problem-solving, by
working together to
find answers to any
problems that resulted
from the storming
stage. This stage helps
members identify
their own roles within
the team, while team
cohesion has
increased.

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What is the Performing part of the 4 development stages?

This stage involves
the team performing
successfully to
achieve their team
goals, with each of
the members
successfully
performing in their
own roles to bring
success to their team.

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Within sports or business teams what is used to successfully form a team and what does It allow?

Within sport or business team building is often used as a way of successfully FORMING a team
It allows members to get to know each other, as it creates a climate that encourages and values the contribution of all team members

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Why does the structures and roles within a team develop and what stage does it begin in?

The structures and roles within a team develop as a result of group interaction
This begins in the forming stage of the process

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What are the three main types of roles within teams?

Formal roles
Informal Roles
Performance Roles

Examples of Formal Roles?

Teacher
Coach
Captain

Examples of Informal roles within a team?

Team Joker | HardMan

Examples of performance roles?

Penalty Tacker Goal Kicker Goal Keeper

How can a team perform well and what were the different techniques to help achieve this?

``` For a team to perform well involves the bringing together of talented individuals that also interact effectively, hence the use of team building activities in the forming stage of the process. ```

What was the model that helped to explain the factors which affect a team actual measurable performance?

Potential productivity - Losses due to faulty processes = Actual Productivity

What can Faulty Processes be?

Motivational or co-ordination losses

What Is the Losses of co-ordination a result of?

The individuals not successfully directing her efforts in a cohesive or efficient way.

Give an example of losses of coordination?

a team that is the favourite to win a World Cup because of their abundance of individual talent falling short because of their inability to successfully work together (too many egos?!)

What is the losses of Motivation often result of

Losses of motivation are often a result of the negative | effect that happens when a team experiences changes.

What is an example of losses of motivation?

For example; a new team member is introduced part way through a season. Others might feel that they are being pushed out, or their position/role is being taken.

What is Group Cohesion?

Is a dynamic process, shown by the tendency for a group to stay together to achieve certain objectives and goals

What is another definition of Group Cohesion?

The total field of forces which act on members to remain in the group

What are the examples of forces used in the second definition of Group Cohesion?

The motivation to stay together as a group Being attracted to the group The benefits to be gained The resistance to break away

What are the two dimensions of Group Cohesion?

Task Cohesion | Social Cohesion

What is Task Cohesion?

How well the team works together to achieve common goals

Give an example of Task Cohesion?

To win the world cup

What is Social Cohesion?

How well the members of the team like each other and integrate socially

In order to be successful, what do teams need to have?

``` In order to be successful teams needs to have both task and social cohesion, hence the importance of team building activities and fun, social events. ```

How can you develop Task and Social Cohesion?

Team Building activitoes and fun,socil events

What are the four components that influence the development of and the effectiveness of Group Cohesion?

Personal Team Leadership Enviornmental

What does the Personal part of it refer to?

To the characteristics of the individual team members. Similarities, Gender, Motivation

What does the tem part of it explain?

The relationships held between the team members influence group formation. Close knit teams will be more cohesive

What does Leadership explainn?

The way the appointed leader of the group interacts with the others

What does environmental explain?

This involves the sporting enviornment of the team. Group Size, Age, Contracts and Geography

What does Group Size affect?

Teams actual productivity

What does group size correlate with?

Group Size has a direct correlation with group effectiveness | As group size increases, Individuals effort and Eventual Productivity decreases

What does the Ringelmann Effect suggest?

When in large groups individuals do not always give their best effort.

Why does the Ringelmann effect suggest this?

This is because their contribution is not always recognised, they feel undervalued within a larger group situation. This then leads to decreased motivation and therefore decreased group productivity

Give an example of Ringelmannn effect?

As teams get bigger in the Tug of war individuals effort decreases

What is Social Loafing?

Another term used by Ringelmannn in that individuals become less effective in a larger group as their motivation decreases

Define social Loafing?

When in a large group situation, individuals effort often deteriorates. This will cause them than to try to hide- therefore affecting their productivity and inevitably the actual productivity of the group

How do we Eradicate the problem of Social Loafing?

Giving the performer a position of responsibility Highlighting their specific role within the group and how it can impact on team performance Evaluation of performance, feedback and praise Variation of practice to maintain motivation

How do we eradicate the problem of social loafing part 2?

Development of team cohesion and social support from peers Use of video Analysis Development of fitness so performers don't need to take a break Using the correct leadership style Promoting the importance of team performance over individual performance Allowing the team members to be involved in the decision-making process