Group and Team dynamics Flashcards
What situations does sport contain?
Groups
Interaction
Individual sports men and women have teams around them
What is one of the relevent aspects of sport when in a group and why?
The behaviour of people in groups is particularly relevant to sport as many situations involve groups and interaction
In order to maximise the potential of any group what is important to understand?
How people work together
What makes an effective team
What is cohesion?
As the united nature of a group of individuals who aim to reach a shared goal
What are the two types of cohesion?
Task cohesion
Social cohesion
What is Task cohesion?
The process of individuals on a team working together to complete a task successfully
What is social cohesion?
The positive interrelationships of the group members
What is the definition of a group/team?
Two or more people interacting with one another in such a manner that each person influences and is influenced by each other
What is another defintion of a group/team?
A collective identity, a shared sense of purpose, strutcured interaction patterns and communication
How do we measure Team cohesion and what is it?
Group Dynamic Sociogram, this is where each memebrer of the team highlights who they interact more/better with within the team/squad
What if individuals were placed in an unfamiliar situations?
If individuals are place in unfamiliar situation they are more likely to refer to the behaviours of others
What do people need?
Social Acceptance
What if individuals were put in potentially embarrasing situations?
Individuals who are put in potenitially embarrasing situations will experience a conflict between their own and other people opinions
What does the psychological theory- conformity within groups suggest?
If individuals are put in unfamiliar situations they are more likely to refer to the behaviour of other
People need social acceptance. Individuals who are put in potentially embarrassing situations will experience a conflict between their own and other peoples opinions
Over time, what would all groups exhibit?
Interpersonal relationships - High levels of social cohesion
Interaction - Strong communication
Interdependence - Responsibility is shared within the group
Identical Golal - High levels of Task Cohesion
Identity - Similarities / Affinity
Independence- Clearly defined Roles within the group
What does Tuckman suggest?
That groups form slowly into effective teams. Development involves four stages: Forming Storming Norming Performing
What is the forming part of the Development stages?
The initial stage of meeting of group members, with interactions forming inter-relationships within the group and sharing opinions. At this stage, as individual’s focus is on what they can contribute to the team.
What is the Storming part f the 4 development stages?
Certain members are drawn to each other. Problems begin to be identified at this stage. Leadership styles may clash at this stage. Focus needs to be on team performance, rather than individual performance.
What is the Norming part of the four stages?
This stage involves problem-solving, by working together to find answers to any problems that resulted from the storming stage. This stage helps members identify their own roles within the team, while team cohesion has increased.
What is the Performing part of the 4 development stages?
This stage involves the team performing successfully to achieve their team goals, with each of the members successfully performing in their own roles to bring success to their team.
Within sports or business teams what is used to successfully form a team and what does It allow?
Within sport or business team building is often used as a way of successfully FORMING a team
It allows members to get to know each other, as it creates a climate that encourages and values the contribution of all team members
Why does the structures and roles within a team develop and what stage does it begin in?
The structures and roles within a team develop as a result of group interaction
This begins in the forming stage of the process
What are the three main types of roles within teams?
Formal roles
Informal Roles
Performance Roles
Examples of Formal Roles?
Teacher
Coach
Captain
Examples of Informal roles within a team?
Team Joker
HardMan
Examples of performance roles?
Penalty Tacker
Goal Kicker
Goal Keeper
How can a team perform well and what were the different techniques to help achieve this?
For a team to perform well involves the bringing together of talented individuals that also interact effectively, hence the use of team building activities in the forming stage of the process.
What was the model that helped to explain the factors which affect a team actual measurable performance?
Potential productivity - Losses due to faulty processes = Actual Productivity
What can Faulty Processes be?
Motivational or co-ordination losses
What Is the Losses of co-ordination a result of?
The individuals not successfully directing her efforts in a cohesive or efficient way.
Give an example of losses of coordination?
a team that is the favourite to win a World Cup
because of their abundance of individual talent falling short
because of their inability to successfully work together (too many
egos?!)
What is the losses of Motivation often result of
Losses of motivation are often a result of the negative
effect that happens when a team experiences changes.
What is an example of losses of motivation?
For
example; a new team member is introduced part way
through a season. Others might feel that they are being
pushed out, or their position/role is being taken.
What is Group Cohesion?
Is a dynamic process, shown by the tendency for a group to stay together to achieve certain objectives and goals
What is another definition of Group Cohesion?
The total field of forces which act on members to remain in the group
What are the examples of forces used in the second definition of Group Cohesion?
The motivation to stay together as a group
Being attracted to the group
The benefits to be gained
The resistance to break away
What are the two dimensions of Group Cohesion?
Task Cohesion
Social Cohesion
What is Task Cohesion?
How well the team works together to achieve common goals
Give an example of Task Cohesion?
To win the world cup
What is Social Cohesion?
How well the members of the team like each other and integrate socially
In order to be successful, what do teams need to have?
In order to be successful teams needs to have both task and social cohesion, hence the importance of team building activities and fun, social events.
How can you develop Task and Social Cohesion?
Team Building activitoes and fun,socil events
What are the four components that influence the development of and the effectiveness of Group Cohesion?
Personal
Team
Leadership
Enviornmental
What does the Personal part of it refer to?
To the characteristics of the individual team members. Similarities, Gender, Motivation
What does the tem part of it explain?
The relationships held between the team members influence group formation. Close knit teams will be more cohesive
What does Leadership explainn?
The way the appointed leader of the group interacts with the others
What does environmental explain?
This involves the sporting enviornment of the team. Group Size, Age, Contracts and Geography
What does Group Size affect?
Teams actual productivity
What does group size correlate with?
Group Size has a direct correlation with group effectiveness
As group size increases, Individuals effort and Eventual Productivity decreases
What does the Ringelmann Effect suggest?
When in large groups individuals do not always give their best effort.
Why does the Ringelmann effect suggest this?
This is because their contribution is not always recognised, they feel undervalued within a larger group situation. This then leads to decreased motivation and therefore decreased group productivity
Give an example of Ringelmannn effect?
As teams get bigger in the Tug of war individuals effort decreases
What is Social Loafing?
Another term used by Ringelmannn in that individuals become less effective in a larger group as their motivation decreases
Define social Loafing?
When in a large group situation, individuals effort often deteriorates. This will cause them than to try to hide- therefore affecting their productivity and inevitably the actual productivity of the group
How do we Eradicate the problem of Social Loafing?
Giving the performer a position of responsibility
Highlighting their specific role within the group and how it can impact on team performance
Evaluation of performance, feedback and praise
Variation of practice to maintain motivation
How do we eradicate the problem of social loafing part 2?
Development of team cohesion and social support from peers
Use of video Analysis
Development of fitness so performers don’t need to take a break
Using the correct leadership style
Promoting the importance of team performance over individual performance
Allowing the team members to be involved in the decision-making process
