Group 3

Question 1

Viruses

Answer 1

-are not cells
-are macromolecular packages that can ONLY function/reproduce in living cells
-very small, diverse

Question 2

Oparin / Haldane hypothesis

Answer 2

Primitive earth conditions allowed simple compound to form complex compounds

Question 3

Basic properties of a cell

Answer 3

-Highly complex & organized
-activity controlled by a genetic program
-can reproduce - make copies of themselves
-assimilate and utilize energy
-carry out many chemical reactions (enzymes)
-respond to stimuli, evolve, self-regulate

Question 4

The cell theory

Answer 4

1.All living organisms are composed of one or more cells (Schwann)
2. The cell is the most basic unit of life (Schwann)
3. All cells arise only from pre-existing cells (Virchow)

Question 5

The method of the Miller-Urey experiment was:

Answer 5

Simulated earths atmosphere, then sent sparks of electricity through the system to test the chemical origin or life under those conditions
1st group of products: formaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide
2nd group of products: Urea, Formic acid and amino acids.

Question 6

Virus host range

Answer 6

-Narrow: effects only humans - the cold
-Wide (effects wide range of species)

Question 7

Viruses mechanism of attack

Answer 7

-viruses hijack cellular machinery to make proteins and DNA/RNA to construct more viruses
-they get in by either tricking cell receptors, enveloped or bacteriophage injection

Question 8

Structure of a virus

Answer 8

1) Protein coat (capsid)
2) Enclosed in a protein containing membrane:
- uneveveloped: nucleic acid + capsid
- eveloped: nucleic acid, capsid + envelope
3) Nucleic acid either DNA or RNA which encodes the viral proteins
- either a DNA or an RNA virus

Question 9

Viron

Answer 9

A virus outside of a cell
- an inanimate particle made up of a little bit of DNA/RNA and a capsid (protein capsule)

Question 10

Baltimore Classification of Viruses

Answer 10

Categorizes viruses based on type of genome (RNA/DNA) and their method of replication.

Question 11

Retrovirus family

Answer 11

A RNA virus that can insert a copy of its genome into the DNA of a host cell. Ex: HIV

Question 12

Filoviruses family

Answer 12

Encode their genome in the form
of single-stranded negative-sense RNA. Ex: Ebola

Question 13

Adenoviruses

Answer 13

A group of viruses that cause respiratory illnesses. Ex: Bronchitis

Question 14

Bacteriophage

Answer 14

Viruses that infect and replicate within bacteria and archaea