Group 2 Flashcards
The theories of management
He was a biologist who created his General Systems Theory in 1940.
He believed that your body is the sum of all parts.
He also argued that the environment can have an effect on each of the parts.
Ludwig von Bertalanffy
Ludwig von Bertalanffy created this theory in 1940s
General System Theory
he proposed the x&y management theory
Douglas McGregor
Douglas McGregor propose the X&Y Theory on this book entitled
“The human side of enterprise”
Douglas McGregor proposed two contrasting sets of assumptions about _____ _____ and ______, known as Theory X and Theory Y.
work attitudes and behaviors
According to this theory, workers are lazy and avoid responsibility, so managers must closely supervise and control them.
Theory X
Managers who hold this theory assumptions focus on rules, procedures, and rewards/punishments to control worker behavior and ensure organizational success.
Theory X
According to McGregor, there are two opposing approaches to implementing Theory X:
Hard approach and soft approach
The ____ approach is based on close supervision, intimidation, and immediate punishment.
(two opposing approaches to
implementing Theory X)
hard approach
The ____ approach is characterized by leniency and less strict rules in hopes for creating high workplace morale and cooperative employees.
(two opposing approaches to implementing Theory X)
soft approach
Theory Managers believe that employees are inherently
motivated to work and value the importance of helping their employees
Theory Y
To allow employees to work in the organization’s interest, managers must create a work setting that provides opportunities for workers to exercise initiative and self-direction.
Theory Y
in Theory Y, Managers should ____ authority to employees and make sure employees have the resources necessary to achieve organizational goals.
decentralized
This theory is composed of 4 parts:
- Quantitative Management
- Operations Management
- Total Quality Management
- Management Information System
Management Science Theory
this management theory type, Applies mathematical models and statistical analysis to improve managerial decision-making and efficiency.
quantitative management
this management theory, applies a continuous improvement approach that emphasizes quality in every aspect of organizational processes to meet customer satisfaction.
Total Quality Management
this management theory, Integrates technology and data management to support decision-making, streamline operations, and enhance organizational performance.
Management Information Sysytem
