Group 1 and 2 Flashcards
How does atomic radius change going down group 2? Why?
It increases due to additional electron shells.
How does reactivity change going down group 2? Why?
It increases going down the group, due to increased electron shielding and increased atomic radius down the group, making outer electrons easier to lose.
How does ionisation energy change going down group 2? Why?
It decreases going down the group due to greater atomic radius and increased shielding., making it easier to lose outer electrons.
What happens when group 2 metals react with water?
They produce a metal hydroxide and hydrogen. The metal hydroxide forms as an alkaline solution (why g2 metals are known as alkaline earth metals)
What happens when group 2 metals react with chlorine gas?
They form metal chlorides, which are white precipitates. As you move down the group, the reactions become more vigorous because the elements are more reactive.
What happens when group 2 metals react with oxygen?
They form oxides. Once the reaction is initiated, it is vigorous. Strontium and Barium can react with excess oxygen and heat energy to form metal peroxides.
What happens when group 2 metals react with dilute acid?
They produce bubbles of hydrogen gas and solutions of metal compounds.
Example: X + H2SO4 –> XSO4 + H2
What happens when group 2 hydroxides react with dilute acid?
A salt and water is formed. This is a type of neutralisation.
HCl forms chloride salts.
H2SO4 forms sulfate salts.
HNO3 forms nitrate salts.
How is solubility of group 2 hydroxides affected going down the group.
It increases, meaning magnesium hydroxide Mh(OH)2 is least soluble and barium hydroxide Ba(OH)2 is most soluble.
How is solubility of group 2 sulfates affected going down the group?
It decreases going down the group meaning magnesium sulfate MgSO4 is the most soluble and barium sulfate BaSO4 is the least soluble.
What is barium chloride used as?
A test for sulfate ions, as it reacts to form barium sulfate which forms as a white precipitate when sulfate ions are present.
