Bonding and Structure 2

Question 1

Why does giant ionic lattices
conduct electricity when liquid
but not when solid?

Answer 1

In solid state the ions are in fixed 
positions and thus cannot move. When 
they are in liquid state the ions are 
mobile and thus can freely carry the 
charge

Question 2

Giant ionic lattices have high
or low melting and boiling
point? Explain your answer

Answer 2

They have high melting and boiling point
because a large amount of energy is
required to overcome the electrostatic
bonds

Question 3

In what type of solvents do

ionic lattices dissolve?

Answer 3

Polar solvents

E.g water

Question 4

Why are ionic compounds

soluble in water?

Answer 4

Water has a polar bond. Hydrogen atoms have a + charge and oxygen atoms have a - charge.

Question 5

What is it called when atoms
are bonded by a single pair of
shared electrons?

Answer 5

Single bond

Question 6

How many covalent bonds

does carbon form?

Answer 6

4

Question 7

How many covalent bonds

does oxygen form?

Answer 7

2

Question 8

What is the effect of multiple
covalent bonds on bond
length and strength

Answer 8

Double/triple bonds exert greater
electron density therefore the attraction
between nucleus and electron is greater
resulting in a shorter and stronger bond.

Question 9

What is a lone pair?

Answer 9

Electrons in the outer shell that are not

involved in the bonding

Question 10

What is formed when atoms

share two pairs of electrons?

Answer 10

Double bond

Question 11

What is formed when atoms

share three pairs of electrons?

Answer 11

Triple bond

Question 12

What is a dative covalent

bond?

Answer 12

A bond where both of the shared

electrons are supplied by one atom

Question 13

How are oxonium ions

formed?

Answer 13

Formed when acid is added to water,

H3O+

Question 14

What does the expansion of the octet mean?

Answer 14

When a bonded atom has more than 8

electrons in the outer shell

Question 15

What are the types of covalent

structure?

Answer 15

● Simple molecular lattice

● Giant covalent lattice

Question 16

Describe the bonding in simple

molecular structures

Answer 16

Atoms within the same molecule are held
by strong covalent bonds and different
molecules are held by weak
intermolecular forces

Question 17

Why do simple molecular
structures have low melting
and boiling point?

Answer 17

Small amount of energy is enough to

overcome the intermolecular forces

Question 18

Can simple molecular

structures conduct electricity?

Answer 18

No, they are non conductors

Question 19

Why do simple molecular
structures not conduct
electricity?

Answer 19

The have no free charged particles to

move around

Question 20

Simple molecular structures
dissolve in what type of
solvent?

Answer 20

Non polar solvents

Question 21

Give examples of giant

covalent structures

Answer 21

● Diamond
● Graphite
● Silicon dioxide, SiO2

Question 22

List some properties of giant

covalent structures? (3)

Answer 22

● High melting and boiling point
● Non conductors of electricity, except graphite
● Insoluble in polar and non polar solvents

Question 23

How does graphite conduct

electricity?

Answer 23

Delocalised electrons present between
the layers are able to move freely
carrying the charge