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Neuro Quiz 1 > gross topography > Flashcards

gross topography Flashcards

1
Q

where does the spinal cord end?

A

intervertebral disc between L1 and L2

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2
Q

what are the dorsolateral and ventrolateral sulci?

A

grooves on spinal cord the represent the point of entry of the dorsal roots and exit of the ventral roots respectively

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3
Q

what does the anterior median sulcus contain?

A

ventral
contains anterior spinal artery
in spinal cord

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4
Q

what is the dorsal median sulcus?

A

very shallow

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5
Q

what is an ascending tract?

A

carries information from body up the spinal cord to the brain - in dorsal columns in spinal cord

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6
Q

how are dorsal columns organized?

A

legs are on either side of dorsal median sulcus

separated from arms by intermediate dorsal sulcus

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7
Q

what do the dorsal columns convey?

A

vibratory sense, well-localized touch sensation, joint position sense

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8
Q

what are the three parts of the brainstem?

A

medulla
pons
midbrain

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9
Q

what is the primary fissure of the cerebellum?

A

deep fold that separates anterior lobe of cerebellum from the posterior lobe

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10
Q

what is the vermis?

A

medial part of the cerebellum

less prominent than the lateral portions

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11
Q

what are the hemispheres of the cerebellum?

A

lateral part

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12
Q

what is the flocculus?

A

two small lobes of cerebellum that are anterioinferior

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13
Q

what connects the cerebellum to the brainstem?

A

three white matter connections = peduncles

inferior cerebellar peduncle - cerebellum to dorsolateral side of medulla - appears as upward continuation from spinal cord
middle cerebellar peduncle - pons to cerebellum - large bulge in lateral side of brainstem
superior cerebellar peduncles - can’t see without removing cerebellum - cerebellum to midbrain

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14
Q

what are the gracile and cuneate tubercles?

A

two bumps on medulla on either side of the midline (totals 4 bumps)
gracile is medial, cuneate lateral
represent protuberances overlying nuclei associated with the ascending columns of the dorsal cord

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15
Q

what is the filum terminale interna?

A

continuation of the pia mater from teh end of the conus medullaris

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16
Q

what is contained in the dorsal funiculus?

A

dorsal columns

this is between the posterior median septum and the posterior intermediate septum

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17
Q

what is the central canal (in the spinal cord)?

A

in the connective region between the left and right grey matter
residual of the lumen of the neural tube

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18
Q

what type of neurons are in the ventral horn?

A

alpha motor neurons - give rise to the alpha fibers innervating muscle

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19
Q

what is the substantia gelatinosa?

A

most posterior portion of the dorsal horn

because of its appearance using stains for fibers

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20
Q

what is the tuber cinerium?

A

small prominence running along lateral sides of medulla

over band of trigeminal nerve fibers that run in lateral part of the brain stem

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21
Q

what is the inferior olivary nucleus?

A

large prominence on ventrolateral part of medulla

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22
Q

what is the postolivary sulcus? which nerves leave the brain from here?

A

groove located on dorsal side of inferior olive - on medulla

glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and vagus (CN X) nerves leave the brain here

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23
Q

what is the preolivary sulcus? which nerve would you see here?

A 
groove on ventral side of inferior olive on medualla 
hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) leaves brain here
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24
Q

what are the medullary pyramids? what do they contain? what are they important for?

A

two long cords running along the length of the brainstem, medially and ventrally
contain bundles of nerve fibers that arise from the cerebral cortex and extend down to spinal cord
critically important for fine and skilled movement

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25
Q

what is the pyramidal decussation?

A

where the medullary pyramids join (caudal)
where most of the pyramidal nerve fibers cross the midline
defines location of the cervical medullary junction

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26
Q

where is the 4th ventricle?

A

on the dorsal aspect of the brainstem

begins at middle of medulla and covers rostral medulla and pons

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27
Q

what is the obex?

A

caudal point of 4th ventricle (diamond)

where central canal of spinal cord opens into ventricular system

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28
Q

what is the stria medullaris?

A

crosses floor of 4th ventricle

defines division between medulla and pons

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29
Q

what is the sulcus limitans?

A

longitudinal groove lateral to the midline within 4th ventricle on the medulla and the pons

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30
Q

where is the hypoglossal trigone?

A

medial to sulcus limitans in the medulla

in 4th ventricle

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31
Q

where is the vagal trigone?

A

lateral to sulcus limitans in medulla

in 4th ventricle

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32
Q

where is the longitudinal groove?

A

midline of the 4th ventricle through the medulla and pons

33
Q

where is the facial colliculus?

A

medial to the sulcus limitans in the pons

in 4th ventricle

34
Q

where is the vestibular trigone?

A

in 4th ventricle on pons lateral to the sulcus limitans

35
Q

where is the basal pons?

A

on the ventral side of the pons

36
Q

what nerves exit the brainstem between the pons and the medulla?

A

medial to lateral:
abducens
facial nerve
vestibulocochlear nerve

37
Q

where does the vestibulocochlear nerve travel?

A

wraps around inferior peduncle with bulge = acoustic tubercle

38
Q

what is the acoustic tubercle?

A

bulge in pons/medulla where vestibulcochlear nerve wraps around?

39
Q

where does the trigeminal nerve travel?

A

passes through middle cerebellar peduncle

40
Q

what are the cerebral peduncles?

A

very large bands of fibers on either side of the midline of the midbrain
contain most of the nerve fibers leaving the cerebral cortex heading for the brain stem or spinal cord

41
Q

what is the interpeduncular fossa? what nerve would you expect to see here?

A 
impression between the cerebral peduncles in the midbrain
occulomotor nerve (CN III) leaves brain here
42
Q

what are the corpora quadragemina?

A

four bumps on the surface of the midbrain

consist of the inferior and superior colliculi

43
Q

what are the inferior colliculi? what process are they important for?

A

two caudal bumps of the corpora quadragemina on surface of midbrain
deal with hearing

44
Q

what are the superior colliculi? what processes are they important for?

A

two rostral bumps of the corpora quadragemina on surface of midbrain
involved in control of eye movement, reflex responses to visual signals and loud sounds

45
Q

what is the tectum?

A

another word for the combination of superior and inferior colliculi

46
Q

what is the brachium of the inferior colliculi?

A

runs rostrally to inferior colliculi on the lateral side of the midbrain - ends in medial geniculate

47
Q

where is the medial geniculate?

A

at lateral end of the brachium of the inferior colliculi

in midbrain

48
Q

what is the brachium of the suprior colliculi?

A

runs rostrally to superior colliculi on the lateral side of the midbrain - ends in lateral geniculate

49
Q

where is the lateral geniculate

A

at lateral end of the brachium of the superior colliculi

in midbrain

50
Q

where is the diencephalon?

A 
rostral to the midbrain
consists of:
- hypothalamus
- dorsal thalamus (thalamus)
- epithalamus
51
Q

where are the mammillary bodies?

A

portion of hypothalamus (of diencephalon)

visible from caudal end

52
Q

where is the infundibulum?

A

ventral to mammillary bodies

part of hypothalamus (of diencephalon)

53
Q

where is the laminal terminalis?

A

part of hypothalamus

ventral to mammillary bodies

54
Q

what comprises the stalk of the pituitary?

A

infundibulum and lamina terminalis

55
Q

what is the median eminence/tubercinerium? what is it important for?

A

bump on infundibulum

critical for neuroendocrine control

56
Q

what does the epithalamus consist of?

A

pineal gland and habenular nuclei

part of diencephalon

57
Q

what is the hypothalamic sulcus?

A

shallow groove that runs from anterior to posterior along the wall of the third ventricle

58
Q

where is the hypothalamus?

A

in the diencephalon, caudal to hypothalamic sulcus

59
Q

where is the massa intermedia/thalamic adhesion?

A

connection between the two thalami - in third ventricle

60
Q

where is the stria medullaris thalami?

A

ridge running from anterior to posterior along the dorsal side of the thalamus
can be traced back to the habenullar nuceli

61
Q

what is the thalamus important for?

A

relay site for most of the sensory information including vision and hearing, general somatic sensation

62
Q

where are the medial and lateral geniculi?

A

prominences on the dorsal aspect of thalamus just rostral to colliculi of brainstem
chief sites of relay of auditory (MGN) and visual (LGN) info from cerebral cortex

63
Q

what does the telencephalon consist of?

A

cerebral hemispheres and basal ganglia

64
Q

where is the lateral/sylvian fissure?

A

between the parietal and temporal lobes - visible externaly

65
Q

where is the insula?

A

if you peel back the temporal lobe
gyri
aka isle of reil

66
Q

where is the calcarine sulcus?

A

from posterior tip of occipital lobe anterior toward parietal lobe
can see in midline cut
gyri on either side receive visual info from LGN

67
Q

what is the rostrum?

A

rostral most portion of the corpus collosum

68
Q

what is the splenium?

A

dorsal most portion of corpus collosum

69
Q

what is the genu?

A

bend in the corpus collosum that connects the rostrum to the body

70
Q

where is the cingulate gyrus?

A

follows corpus collosum along dorsal surface

71
Q

where is the subcallosal region?

A

directly below rostrum of corpus callosum

in temporal lobe

72
Q

what is the septum pellucidum?

A

thin membrane in midline that separates the two lateral ventricles

73
Q

what is the fornix?

A

at posterior most portion of septum pellucidum
thickened band
tract that follows lateral ventrical posteriorward and lateralward into temporal lobe
at rostral portion, swings ventralward toward hypothalamus

74
Q

where and what is the anterior commissure?

A

near rostral end of fornix
above hypothalamus
tract connecting the two sides of the brain

75
Q

what is the interventricular foramen of monroe?

A

where CSF from lateral ventricle can enter the third ventricle
right behind anterior commissure
ventral to fornix
choroid plexus extends through it sometimes

76
Q

what comprises the floor of the lateral ventricle?

A

the dorsal surface of the thalamus and the caudate nucleus

77
Q

where is the stria terminalis?

A

thin band of fibers in groove between lateral edge of the thalamus and the head of the caudate

78
Q

where are the transverse gyri (of Heschl)?

A

on the superior aspect of the temporal lobe - run into the depths of the lateral fissure

Neuro Quiz 1 (12 decks)

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