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Gross & Developmental Anatomy > Gross Block B I dont know still > Flashcards

Gross Block B I dont know still Flashcards

1
Q

facial artery anastomoses with

A

opthalmic artery

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2
Q

where is the otic ganglion?

A

in the TMJ

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3
Q

where is the pterygoid fovea?

A

on the neck of the mandible

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4
Q

CN V3 contains what kinds of fibers?

A

GSA and SVE

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5
Q

CN V3 innervates the muscles of mastication, the anterior belly of diagastric, the mylohyoid, and ________

A

tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini

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6
Q

what nerves come off undivided trunk of V3?

A

nerve to tensor tympani, nerve to tensor veli palatini, nerve to medial pterygoid, and recurrent meningeal n

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7
Q

nerves coming off anterior division of V3

A

masseteric, deep temporal, lateral pterygoid, long buccal

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8
Q

posterior division of V3 gives off what nerves?

A

inferior alveolar (which gives off n to mylohyoid), lingual n, and auriculotemporal n

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9
Q

components of chorda tympani

A

GVE parasympathetics

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10
Q

parasympathetics of chorda tympani synapse in

A

the submandibular ganglion

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11
Q

lesser petrosal nerve is a branch of CN ___

A

IX

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12
Q

lesser petrosal nerve contains parasympathetics that synapse in the _____ ganglion and they act on the _______

A
  • otic

- parotid gland

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13
Q

how does lesser petrosal nerve get to parotid gland?

A

rides on auriculotemporal n

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14
Q

4 branches of first part of maxillary artery

A

deep auricular, anterior tympanic, inferior alveolar, and middle meningeal

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15
Q

4 branches of 2nd part of maxillary artery

A

deep temporal, pterygoid branches, masseteric, and buccal

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16
Q

edge of tentorium cerebelli where brain stem exits is called

A

tentorial incisura

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17
Q

describe pathway of CSF from the lateral ventricles to the subarachnoid space around brain and spinal cord

A

lateral ventricles–> foramen of monro–> third ventricle–> cerebral aqueducts of sylvius–> fourth ventricle–> lateral foramina of Luschka and media foramen of Magendie–> cisterna magna–> subarachnoid space

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18
Q

normal pressure hydrocephalus-

A

a particular form of communicating hydrocephalus characterized by enlarged cerebral ventricles

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19
Q

what part of sphenoid bone contributes to roof of orbit

A

lesser wing of sphenoid

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20
Q

what part of sphenoid bone contributes to the medial wall of orbit

A

body of sphenoid

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21
Q

ecchymosis-

A

bruising

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22
Q

proptosis-

A

anterior dislocation of eyeball

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23
Q

superior orbital fissure is between:

A

lesser and greater wings of sphenoid bone

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24
Q

3 nerves not surrounded by annular tendon

A

lacrimal, frontal, and trochlear

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25
Q

periorbita-

A

periosteum of the orbit

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26
Q

periorbita is loosely attached everywhere except at

A

the sutures and apex of the orbit

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27
Q

increased intracranial pressure at the optic disc causes

A

papilledema

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28
Q

fascia bulbi (tenons capsule)-

A

separates the eye from fat and the rest of the orbit, connecting to the sclera at the optic nerve

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29
Q

tarsal glands secrete

A

meibum

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30
Q

palpebral conjunctiva-

A

thin mucous membrane that covers the internal part of the eye lid

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31
Q

bulbar conjunctiva-

A

thin mucous membrane that covers the surface of the eyeball

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32
Q

describe the path of a tear

A

lacrimal gland–> lacrimal duct–> superior and inferior lacrimal puncta–> lacrimal canaliculus–> lacrimal sac–> nasolacrimal duct–> inferior meatus of nasal cavity

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33
Q

pars lacrimalis-

A

muscle that goes behind nasolacrimal sac and contracts when we blink to compress nasolacrimal sac. once released, a suction is created that pull tears through the lacrimal canaliculi and over the eyeball

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34
Q

levator palpebrae superioris origin

A

roof of the orbit

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35
Q

superior oblique origin

A

roof of orbit

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36
Q

inferior oblique origin

A

orbital surface of maxilla

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37
Q

intorsion of eyeball

A

medial tilting

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38
Q

extorsion of eyeball

A

lateral tilting

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39
Q

when the eye is fully abducted, what muscles elevate and depress eye?

A

superior and inferior rectus muscles

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40
Q

when eye is fully adducted, what muscles elevate and depress the eye

A

inferior and superior oblique

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41
Q

the only cranial nerve that exits the brainstem from the dorsal surface

A

trochlear nerve

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42
Q

3 routes of sympathetics from internal carotid plexus to ciliary ganglion:

A
  1. sympathetic ramus–> short ciliary nerve
  2. opthalmic artery–> long ciliary nerve
  3. sensory ramus of ciliary ganglion

1 and 3 go through ciliary ganglion

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43
Q

2 routes of sympathetic innervation to superior tarsal muscle:

A
  1. along lacrimal artery–> lateral palpebral branches of muscle
  2. along opthalmic artery–> ciliary ganglion–> short ciliary nerves–> medial palpebral branches
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44
Q

sympathetic innervation to lacrimal gland route

A

superior cervical ganglion–> depp petrosal nerve–> nerve to pterygoid canal–> pterygopalatine ganglion–> short pterygoid nerve–> communicating nerve–> joins lacrimal nerve

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45
Q

parasympathetic innervation of the eye route

A

edinger wesphal nucleus (preganglionic)–> rides CN III–> motor ramus of ciliary ganglion–> synapse in ciliary ganglion–> short ciliary nerves (postganglionic)–> constrictor pupillae muscles

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46
Q

parasympathetic innervation of lacrimal gland route

A

superior salivatory nucleus–> rides CN VII through internal auditory meatus–> through geniculate ganglion–> greater petrosal nerve–> nerve to pterygoid canal–> synapse in pterygopalatine ganglion–> pterygoid nerve–> zygomatic nerve–> communicating branch–> zygomaticotemporal nerve–> lacrimal nerve

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47
Q

3 main branches of opthalmic nerve

A

lacrimal, frontal, and nasociliary

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48
Q

4 branches of nasociliary nerve

A

long ciliary, posterior ethmoidal, infratrochlear, and anterior ethmoidal

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49
Q

anterior ethmoidal subdivides into 2 branches

A

meningeal branch and nasal branch

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50
Q

cornea is innervated by

A

V1

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51
Q

freely moveable, tender lymph nodes indicate

A

infection

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52
Q

hard, immovable lymph nodes indicate

A

carcinoma

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53
Q

lymphangitis-

A

inflammation of lymph vessel

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54
Q

lymphadenitis-

A

inflammation of lymph node

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55
Q

collar nodes-

A

ring of lymph nodes at the junction of the head and neck

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56
Q

postauricular nodes are located near

A

mastoid process

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57
Q

buccal nodes drain lymph from

A

cheek and area under orbit

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58
Q

parotid nodes are located where

A

within the parotid gland. they are deep to the superficial parotid nodes

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59
Q

supraclavicular nodes are located where?

A

lower portion of posterior triangle

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60
Q

mastoid nodes are located where?

A

inferior to omohyoid

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61
Q

which nodes are the last stop before entering thoracic duct?

A

mastoid nodes

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62
Q

base of the tongue drains into what lymph nodes?

A

jugulodiagastric node

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63
Q

how do sympathetics reach V2 from internal carotid plexus?

A

leave ICP as deep petrosal nerve–> joins greater petrosal as nerve to pterygoid canal–> pterygopalatine ganglion–> V2

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64
Q

how do sympathetics go to lacrimal gland without hopping on V2?

A

ICA–> opthalmic artery–> lacrimal artery

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65
Q

when chorda tympani (carrying preganglionic parasympathetics) splits from CN VII, how does it get to submandibular and sublingual glands?

A

it exits the petrotympanic fissure into the ITF–> joins lingual nerve–> the glands

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66
Q

how does V2 provide parasympathetics to zygomatic branch of V2?

A

gives off greater petrosal nerve at the geniculate ganglion…. you know the rest

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67
Q

how does glossopharyngeal nerve provide parasympathetics to parotid gland?

A

after CN IX leaves jugular foramen–> gives off tympanic branch–> through tympanic canaliculus –> tympanic plexus–> lesser petrosal nerve–> foramen ovale–> synapses on otic ganglion–> jumps on auriculotemporal–> jumps off at parotid gland

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68
Q

where do parasympathetics arise for CN X

A

dorsal motor nucleus of X

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69
Q 
list what these vertebral levels correlate to in the neck:
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
A

C2- superior cervical ganglion
C3- hyoid bone
C4- common carotid artery bifurcation and superior border of thyroid cartilage
C5- remainder of thyroid cartilage
C6- cricoid cartilage, middle cervical ganglion, larynx becomes trachea, pharynx becomes esophagus
C7- stellate/inferior cervical ganglion

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70
Q

prevertebral fascia-

A

contains all deep mm associated with articulation of vertebrae. axillary sheath is a continuation of prevertebral fascia

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71
Q

the fascia covering anterior part of trachea

A

pretracheal fascia

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72
Q

fascia covering esophagus posteriorly below C6

A

visceral fascia

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73
Q

fascia covering esophagus posteriorly above C6

A

buccopharyngeal fascia

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74
Q

cervical plexus-

A

composed of ventral rami of C1-C4 spinal nerves, motor, and sensory branches

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75
Q

lesser occipital nerve is a branch of

A

ventral primary rami of C2

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76
Q

greater occipital nerve is a branch of

A

dorsal ramus of C2

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77
Q

great auricular nerve is a branch of

A

C2/C3

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78
Q

great auricular nerve is sensory to

A

skin and sheath of parotid gland, piece of skin over ear

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79
Q

transverse cervical nerve is branch of

A

C2/C3

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80
Q

supraclavicular nerve is branch of

A

C3/4

81
Q

inferior loop from C2/3 joins superior loop from C1 to make what nerve?

A

ansa cervicalis

82
Q

what does ansa cervicalis innervate?

A

sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid

83
Q

C1 sends a branch with the hypoglossal nerve that hops off and innervates

A

geniohyoid and thyrohyoid

84
Q

posterior scalene inferiorly attaches to

A

2nd rib

85
Q

longus capitis superior attachment

A

basilar part of occipital bone

86
Q

rectus capitis lateralis superior attachment

A

jugular process of occipital bone

87
Q

rectus capitis anterior superior attachment

A

base of cranium

88
Q

the 5 nerves emerging from Erb’s point

A

lesser occipital, great auricular, transverse cervical, supraclavicular, spinal accessory

89
Q

carotid triangle boundaries

A

superior border of SCM, superior belly of omohyoid, and posterior belly of diagastric

90
Q

submandibular triangle boundaries

A

posterior belly of diagastric, anterior belly of diagastric, and ramus of mandible

91
Q

submental triangle boundaries

A

anterior bellies of the diagastric on each side and the hyoid bone

92
Q

muscular triangle boundaries

A

inferior border of SCM, superior belly of omohyoid, and midline

93
Q

strap muscles are contained within what triangle?

A

muscular triangle

94
Q

jugular foramen is formed by:

A

occipital bone and petrous portion of temporal bone

95
Q

external branch of superior laryngeal nerve innervates what?

A

cricothyroid muscle

96
Q

what nerve gives GVA innervation to the carotid sinus and body?

A

CN IX

97
Q

subclavian artery is divided into 3 parts by the

A

anterior scalene muscle

98
Q

4 branches off subclavian artery into neck

A

vertebral artery, thyrocervical trunk, internal thoracic a., and costocervical trunk

99
Q

4 branches of thyrocervical trunk

A

suprascapular, transverse cervical, inferior thyroid, ascending cervical

100
Q

costocervical trunk gives off what branch into neck?

A

deep cervical artery

101
Q

external carotid artery has 3 divisions of branches: anterior, posterior, and medial. what comes off the anterior division?

A

superior thyroid, lingual, facial aa.

102
Q

external carotid artery has 3 divisions of branches: anterior, posterior, and medial. what comes off the posterior division?

A

occipital, and posterior auricular aa.

103
Q

external carotid artery has 3 divisions of branches: anterior, posterior, and medial. what comes off the medial division?

A

ascending pharyngeal a.

104
Q

list the 9 branches of facial artery

A

ascending palatine, tonsilar, submental, inferior alveolar, inferior labial, superior labial, infraorbital, angular, dorsal nasal

105
Q

what 2 veins make the retromandubular vein?

A

superficial temporal and maxillary v

106
Q

retromandibular vein splits. one branch joins the ______ vein to become external jugular vein. the other branch joins _______ to dump into the internal jugular vein

A
  • posterior auricular vein

- facial vein

107
Q

inferior boundary of pharynx

A

level of C6 vertebrae

108
Q

pharyngeal isthmus-

A

2 pillars with tonsillar fossa between

109
Q

what recess is next to the epiglottis?

A

piriform recess

110
Q

what fascia lies between mucosa and muscle of pharynx

A

pharyngobasilar fascia

111
Q

what fascia is external to the muscles of the pharyngeal wall?

A

buccopharyngeal fascia

112
Q

origin of superior constrictor-

A

medial pterygoid plate, pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, mylohyoid line of mandible

113
Q

insertion of superior pharyngeal constrictor

A

pharyngeal tubercule and pharyngeal raphe

114
Q

origin of middle pharyngal constrictor

A

lesser and greater horns of hyoid bone and inferior part of the stylohyoid ligament

115
Q

inferior pharyngeal constrictor is divided into what 2 parts?

A

thyropharyngeal and cricopharyngeal parts

116
Q

origin of thyropharyngeal part of inferior constrictor

A

oblique line of thyroid cartilage

117
Q

origin of cricopharyngeal part of inferior constrictor

A

lateral surface of cricoid cartilage and cricothyroid ligament

118
Q

cricothyroid part of inferior constrictor action:

A

sphincter to prevent regurgitation

119
Q

insertion of stylopharyngeus muscle

A

posterior border of thyroid cartilage

120
Q

origin of salpingopharyngeous m

A

pharyngeal end of pharygotympanic tube

121
Q

what CN innervate pharynx?

A

IX and X

122
Q

what functional components does CN IX contribute to pharynx? and how?

A

GVA- nerve of herring to carotid sinus/body
SVE- to stylopharyngeous m
SVA- taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue
GSA- conchae of ear, mucosa of pharynx

123
Q

functional components of CN X in pharynx and their purpose:

A

SVE- to mm. of pharynx and soft palate
GVE- to glands of pharyngeal mucosa (and sympathetics to pharyngeal mucosa blood vessels)
GSA- to mucosa of laryngopharynx

124
Q

sensory innervation of the pharynx
V2-
IX-
X-

A
  • hard palate and upper part of nasophayrnx
  • nasopharynx and oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx
125
Q

afferent limb of gag reflex is CN ___

A

IX

126
Q

efferent limb of gag reflex is CN __

A

X

127
Q

the 5 arteries to palatine tonsils

A

lesser palatine, ascending pharyngeal, ascending palatine, tonsilar branch of facial, dorsal lingual aa

128
Q

tonsilar ring around pharynx is called

A

Waldeyer’s ring

129
Q

contents of sphenopalatine foramen

A

nasopalatine nerve and sphenopalatine a.

130
Q

what runs through pharyngeal canal?

A

pharyngeal nerve and artery

131
Q

what runs in the palatine canal?

A

greater and lesser palatine nn. and aa.

132
Q

recurrent meningeal nerve of V2 branches where and innervates what?

A

branches before foramen rotundum and innervates dura of MCF

133
Q

infraorbital nerve branches into what 3 nerves

A

inferior palpebral, external nasal, and superior labial

134
Q

zygomatic n. branches off ________ before _______

A

infraorbital nerve before infraorbital canal

135
Q

zygomatic nerve branches into what 3 branches?

A

zygomaticofacial, zygomaticotemporal, and communicating branch

136
Q

orbital branches of V2 come off 1 of which 2 places and innervate what?

A

either infraorbital nerve or pterygopalatine ganglion and innervate periorbita, posterior ethmoidal sinus, and sphenoid sinus

137
Q

palatine tonsils are innervated by

A

lesser palatine n

138
Q

posterior superior nasal nerves branch into what?

A

lateral and medial branches

139
Q

the largest medial branch of posterior superior nasal nerves is

A

nasopalatine n

140
Q

lateral branch of posterior superior nasal nerve innervates what?

A

mucosa of superior and middle nasal conchae

141
Q

medial branch of posterior superior nasal nerves innervates what?

A

nasal septum

142
Q

nasopalatine nerve innervates:

A

anterior portion of hard palate via incisive canal

143
Q

posterior inferior nasal nerves branch off ______ in ______

A

greater palatine n in palatine canal

144
Q

posterior inferior nasal nerves innervate

A

inferior nasal concha and middle and inferior nasal meatuses

145
Q

pharyngeal n innervates what sinus?

A

sphenoid

146
Q

postsynaptic parasympathetics travel along all branches of V2 except:

A

terminal branches of infraorbial nerve

and they only use zygomatic n to hitch a ride to lacrimal

147
Q

superior mental spines-

A

where genioglossus muscle attaches

148
Q

inferior mental spines-

A

where geniohyoid muscle attaches

149
Q

mylohyoid groove-

A

where mylohyoid a and n pass

150
Q

what structures are btw mylohyoid and hyoglossus?

A

lingual n, CN XII, and submandibular ganglion

151
Q

structures deep to hyoglossus m

A

lingual a, deep lingual vv, and CN IX

152
Q

all extrinsic muscles of tongue are innervated by CN XII except

A

palatoglossus

153
Q

4 extrinsic muscles of tongue:

A

styloglossus, genioglossus, hyoglossus, palatoglossus

154
Q

transverse intrinsic muscles ______ the tongue, while longitudinal muscles ______ the tongue

A
  • protrude

- retract

155
Q

taste to soft palate supplied by CN

A

CN VII

156
Q

taste to epiglottic area supplied by CN

A

X

157
Q

what branch of V3 innervates gingiva of molars?

A

buccal

158
Q

innervation of vestibular maxillary gingiva done by:

A

anterior, middle, and posterior superior alveolar nn

infraorbital contributes incisors, canines, and premolars

159
Q

innervation of superior lingual gingiva done by:

A

nasopalatine n (incisors and canines) and greater palatine n (premolars and molars)

160
Q

uvula muscle called:

A

musculus uvulae

161
Q

what sinuses drain into middle meatus?

A

frontal, anterior ethmoidal, middle ethmoidal, and maxillary

162
Q

what sinuses drain into superior meatus?

A

posterior ethmoidals

163
Q

sphenoid sinus drains into

A

sphenoethmoidal recess

164
Q

sphenoidal sinus innervated by:

A

posterior ethmoidal branches of nasociliary n + orbital branches and pharyngeal n of V2

165
Q

CN X reenters bone through _____ to innervate the ear

A

mastoid canaliculus

166
Q

what CN’s innervate the external auditory canal?

A

CN V3, VII, X, IX

167
Q

auriculotemporal nerve is sensory to anterior/posterior wall of external auditory canal?

A

anterior

168
Q

superior part of tympanic membrane-

A

pars flacida

169
Q

nerves and blood vessels enter the tympanic membrane through the-

A

pars flaccida

170
Q

all tympanic membrane that isnt pars flaccida

A

pars tensa

171
Q

the center of the tympanic membrane-

A

umbo

172
Q

barrier btw middle ear and cranial fossa-

A

tegmen tympani

173
Q

tympanic nerve is a branch of CN ____ and enters middle ear through the _______

A
  • IX

- tympanic canaliculus

174
Q

tensor tympani m attaches to

A

neck of the malleus

175
Q

stapedius muscle is innervated by CN

A

VII

176
Q

oval window aka

A

fenestra vestibuli

177
Q

round window aka

A

fenestra cochleae

178
Q

stapedius transmits sound to the

A

oval window

179
Q

what cell bodies reside in the geniculate ganglion?

A

SVA (taste) from chorda tympani and greater petrosal nerve

180
Q

what nerves synapse in the geniculate ganglion?

A

none

181
Q

where does chorda tympani emerge from the skull

A

petrotympanic fissure

182
Q

superior border of larynx aka

A

laryngeal aditus

183
Q

what are the 2 thickenings of thyrohyoid membrane?

A

median and lateral thyrohyoid ligaments

184
Q

superior extension of cricothyroid ligament

A

conus elasticus

185
Q

______ attaches epiglottis to posterior aspect of tongue

A

median glossoepiglottic fold

186
Q

depression on either side of the epiglottic folds and anterior to the epiglottis

A

epiglottic valleculae

187
Q

opening between vestibular folds

A

rima vestibuli

188
Q

narrow aperture between the true vocal cords

A

rima glottidis

189
Q

diverticulum btw true and false vocal cords

A

ventricle of laryx

190
Q

cricothyroid m is innervated by

A

external branch of superior laryngeal n.

191
Q

ansa cervicalis innervates

A

sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid

192
Q

thyrohyoid innervated by

A

C1

193
Q

posterior cricoarytenoid action

A

abduct vocal cords

194
Q

lateral cricoarytenoid action

A

adduct vocal cords

195
Q

transverse arytenoid action

A

adduct vocal cords

196
Q

oblique arytenoid action

A

sphincter of vestibule of larynx

197
Q

ariepiglottic muscle action

A

sphincter of vestibule of larynx

198
Q

thyroarytenoideus muscle action

A

lessen tension in vocal ligament

199
Q

vocalis muscle action

A

shorten vocal cord by drawing arytenoid cartilage forward

Gross & Developmental Anatomy (8 decks)

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