Gross Block B I dont know still Flashcards
(199 cards)
1
Q
facial artery anastomoses with
A
opthalmic artery
2
Q
where is the otic ganglion?
A
in the TMJ
3
Q
where is the pterygoid fovea?
A
on the neck of the mandible
4
Q
CN V3 contains what kinds of fibers?
A
GSA and SVE
5
Q
CN V3 innervates the muscles of mastication, the anterior belly of diagastric, the mylohyoid, and ________
A
tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini
6
Q
what nerves come off undivided trunk of V3?
A
nerve to tensor tympani, nerve to tensor veli palatini, nerve to medial pterygoid, and recurrent meningeal n
7
Q
nerves coming off anterior division of V3
A
masseteric, deep temporal, lateral pterygoid, long buccal
8
Q
posterior division of V3 gives off what nerves?
A
inferior alveolar (which gives off n to mylohyoid), lingual n, and auriculotemporal n
9
Q
components of chorda tympani
A
GVE parasympathetics
10
Q
parasympathetics of chorda tympani synapse in
A
the submandibular ganglion
11
Q
lesser petrosal nerve is a branch of CN ___
A
IX
12
Q
lesser petrosal nerve contains parasympathetics that synapse in the _____ ganglion and they act on the _______
A
- otic
- parotid gland
13
Q
how does lesser petrosal nerve get to parotid gland?
A
rides on auriculotemporal n
14
Q
4 branches of first part of maxillary artery
A
deep auricular, anterior tympanic, inferior alveolar, and middle meningeal
15
Q
4 branches of 2nd part of maxillary artery
A
deep temporal, pterygoid branches, masseteric, and buccal
16
Q
edge of tentorium cerebelli where brain stem exits is called
A
tentorial incisura
17
Q
describe pathway of CSF from the lateral ventricles to the subarachnoid space around brain and spinal cord
A
lateral ventricles–> foramen of monro–> third ventricle–> cerebral aqueducts of sylvius–> fourth ventricle–> lateral foramina of Luschka and media foramen of Magendie–> cisterna magna–> subarachnoid space
18
Q
normal pressure hydrocephalus-
A
a particular form of communicating hydrocephalus characterized by enlarged cerebral ventricles
19
Q
what part of sphenoid bone contributes to roof of orbit
A
lesser wing of sphenoid
20
Q
what part of sphenoid bone contributes to the medial wall of orbit
A
body of sphenoid
21
Q
ecchymosis-
A
bruising
22
Q
proptosis-
A
anterior dislocation of eyeball
23
Q
superior orbital fissure is between:
A
lesser and greater wings of sphenoid bone
24
Q
3 nerves not surrounded by annular tendon
A
lacrimal, frontal, and trochlear
25
periorbita-
periosteum of the orbit
26
periorbita is loosely attached everywhere except at
the sutures and apex of the orbit
27
increased intracranial pressure at the optic disc causes
papilledema
28
fascia bulbi (tenons capsule)-
separates the eye from fat and the rest of the orbit, connecting to the sclera at the optic nerve
29
tarsal glands secrete
meibum
30
palpebral conjunctiva-
thin mucous membrane that covers the internal part of the eye lid
31
bulbar conjunctiva-
thin mucous membrane that covers the surface of the eyeball
32
describe the path of a tear
lacrimal gland--> lacrimal duct--> superior and inferior lacrimal puncta--> lacrimal canaliculus--> lacrimal sac--> nasolacrimal duct--> inferior meatus of nasal cavity
33
pars lacrimalis-
muscle that goes behind nasolacrimal sac and contracts when we blink to compress nasolacrimal sac. once released, a suction is created that pull tears through the lacrimal canaliculi and over the eyeball
34
levator palpebrae superioris origin
roof of the orbit
35
superior oblique origin
roof of orbit
36
inferior oblique origin
orbital surface of maxilla
37
intorsion of eyeball
medial tilting
38
extorsion of eyeball
lateral tilting
39
when the eye is fully abducted, what muscles elevate and depress eye?
superior and inferior rectus muscles
40
when eye is fully adducted, what muscles elevate and depress the eye
inferior and superior oblique
41
the only cranial nerve that exits the brainstem from the dorsal surface
trochlear nerve
42
3 routes of sympathetics from internal carotid plexus to ciliary ganglion:
1. sympathetic ramus--> short ciliary nerve
2. opthalmic artery--> long ciliary nerve
3. sensory ramus of ciliary ganglion
1 and 3 go through ciliary ganglion
43
2 routes of sympathetic innervation to superior tarsal muscle:
1. along lacrimal artery--> lateral palpebral branches of muscle
2. along opthalmic artery--> ciliary ganglion--> short ciliary nerves--> medial palpebral branches
44
sympathetic innervation to lacrimal gland route
superior cervical ganglion--> depp petrosal nerve--> nerve to pterygoid canal--> pterygopalatine ganglion--> short pterygoid nerve--> communicating nerve--> joins lacrimal nerve
45
parasympathetic innervation of the eye route
edinger wesphal nucleus (preganglionic)--> rides CN III--> motor ramus of ciliary ganglion--> synapse in ciliary ganglion--> short ciliary nerves (postganglionic)--> constrictor pupillae muscles
46
parasympathetic innervation of lacrimal gland route
superior salivatory nucleus--> rides CN VII through internal auditory meatus--> through geniculate ganglion--> greater petrosal nerve--> nerve to pterygoid canal--> synapse in pterygopalatine ganglion--> pterygoid nerve--> zygomatic nerve--> communicating branch--> zygomaticotemporal nerve--> lacrimal nerve
47
3 main branches of opthalmic nerve
lacrimal, frontal, and nasociliary
48
4 branches of nasociliary nerve
long ciliary, posterior ethmoidal, infratrochlear, and anterior ethmoidal
49
anterior ethmoidal subdivides into 2 branches
meningeal branch and nasal branch
50
cornea is innervated by
V1
51
freely moveable, tender lymph nodes indicate
infection
52
hard, immovable lymph nodes indicate
carcinoma
53
lymphangitis-
inflammation of lymph vessel
54
lymphadenitis-
inflammation of lymph node
55
collar nodes-
ring of lymph nodes at the junction of the head and neck
56
postauricular nodes are located near
mastoid process
57
buccal nodes drain lymph from
cheek and area under orbit
58
parotid nodes are located where
within the parotid gland. they are deep to the superficial parotid nodes
59
supraclavicular nodes are located where?
lower portion of posterior triangle
60
mastoid nodes are located where?
inferior to omohyoid
61
which nodes are the last stop before entering thoracic duct?
mastoid nodes
62
base of the tongue drains into what lymph nodes?
jugulodiagastric node
63
how do sympathetics reach V2 from internal carotid plexus?
leave ICP as deep petrosal nerve--> joins greater petrosal as nerve to pterygoid canal--> pterygopalatine ganglion--> V2
64
how do sympathetics go to lacrimal gland without hopping on V2?
ICA--> opthalmic artery--> lacrimal artery
65
when chorda tympani (carrying preganglionic parasympathetics) splits from CN VII, how does it get to submandibular and sublingual glands?
it exits the petrotympanic fissure into the ITF--> joins lingual nerve--> the glands
66
how does V2 provide parasympathetics to zygomatic branch of V2?
gives off greater petrosal nerve at the geniculate ganglion.... you know the rest
67
how does glossopharyngeal nerve provide parasympathetics to parotid gland?
after CN IX leaves jugular foramen--> gives off tympanic branch--> through tympanic canaliculus --> tympanic plexus--> lesser petrosal nerve--> foramen ovale--> synapses on otic ganglion--> jumps on auriculotemporal--> jumps off at parotid gland
68
where do parasympathetics arise for CN X
dorsal motor nucleus of X
69
```
list what these vertebral levels correlate to in the neck:
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
```
C2- superior cervical ganglion
C3- hyoid bone
C4- common carotid artery bifurcation and superior border of thyroid cartilage
C5- remainder of thyroid cartilage
C6- cricoid cartilage, middle cervical ganglion, larynx becomes trachea, pharynx becomes esophagus
C7- stellate/inferior cervical ganglion
70
prevertebral fascia-
contains all deep mm associated with articulation of vertebrae. axillary sheath is a continuation of prevertebral fascia
71
the fascia covering anterior part of trachea
pretracheal fascia
72
fascia covering esophagus posteriorly below C6
visceral fascia
73
fascia covering esophagus posteriorly above C6
buccopharyngeal fascia
74
cervical plexus-
composed of ventral rami of C1-C4 spinal nerves, motor, and sensory branches
75
lesser occipital nerve is a branch of
ventral primary rami of C2
76
greater occipital nerve is a branch of
dorsal ramus of C2
77
great auricular nerve is a branch of
C2/C3
78
great auricular nerve is sensory to
skin and sheath of parotid gland, piece of skin over ear
79
transverse cervical nerve is branch of
C2/C3
80
supraclavicular nerve is branch of
C3/4
81
inferior loop from C2/3 joins superior loop from C1 to make what nerve?
ansa cervicalis
82
what does ansa cervicalis innervate?
sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid
83
C1 sends a branch with the hypoglossal nerve that hops off and innervates
geniohyoid and thyrohyoid
84
posterior scalene inferiorly attaches to
2nd rib
85
longus capitis superior attachment
basilar part of occipital bone
86
rectus capitis lateralis superior attachment
jugular process of occipital bone
87
rectus capitis anterior superior attachment
base of cranium
88
the 5 nerves emerging from Erb's point
lesser occipital, great auricular, transverse cervical, supraclavicular, spinal accessory
89
carotid triangle boundaries
superior border of SCM, superior belly of omohyoid, and posterior belly of diagastric
90
submandibular triangle boundaries
posterior belly of diagastric, anterior belly of diagastric, and ramus of mandible
91
submental triangle boundaries
anterior bellies of the diagastric on each side and the hyoid bone
92
muscular triangle boundaries
inferior border of SCM, superior belly of omohyoid, and midline
93
strap muscles are contained within what triangle?
muscular triangle
94
jugular foramen is formed by:
occipital bone and petrous portion of temporal bone
95
external branch of superior laryngeal nerve innervates what?
cricothyroid muscle
96
what nerve gives GVA innervation to the carotid sinus and body?
CN IX
97
subclavian artery is divided into 3 parts by the
anterior scalene muscle
98
4 branches off subclavian artery into neck
vertebral artery, thyrocervical trunk, internal thoracic a., and costocervical trunk
99
4 branches of thyrocervical trunk
suprascapular, transverse cervical, inferior thyroid, ascending cervical
100
costocervical trunk gives off what branch into neck?
deep cervical artery
101
external carotid artery has 3 divisions of branches: anterior, posterior, and medial. what comes off the anterior division?
superior thyroid, lingual, facial aa.
102
external carotid artery has 3 divisions of branches: anterior, posterior, and medial. what comes off the posterior division?
occipital, and posterior auricular aa.
103
external carotid artery has 3 divisions of branches: anterior, posterior, and medial. what comes off the medial division?
ascending pharyngeal a.
104
list the 9 branches of facial artery
ascending palatine, tonsilar, submental, inferior alveolar, inferior labial, superior labial, infraorbital, angular, dorsal nasal
105
what 2 veins make the retromandubular vein?
superficial temporal and maxillary v
106
retromandibular vein splits. one branch joins the ______ vein to become external jugular vein. the other branch joins _______ to dump into the internal jugular vein
- posterior auricular vein
| - facial vein
107
inferior boundary of pharynx
level of C6 vertebrae
108
pharyngeal isthmus-
2 pillars with tonsillar fossa between
109
what recess is next to the epiglottis?
piriform recess
110
what fascia lies between mucosa and muscle of pharynx
pharyngobasilar fascia
111
what fascia is external to the muscles of the pharyngeal wall?
buccopharyngeal fascia
112
origin of superior constrictor-
medial pterygoid plate, pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, mylohyoid line of mandible
113
insertion of superior pharyngeal constrictor
pharyngeal tubercule and pharyngeal raphe
114
origin of middle pharyngal constrictor
lesser and greater horns of hyoid bone and inferior part of the stylohyoid ligament
115
inferior pharyngeal constrictor is divided into what 2 parts?
thyropharyngeal and cricopharyngeal parts
116
origin of thyropharyngeal part of inferior constrictor
oblique line of thyroid cartilage
117
origin of cricopharyngeal part of inferior constrictor
lateral surface of cricoid cartilage and cricothyroid ligament
118
cricothyroid part of inferior constrictor action:
sphincter to prevent regurgitation
119
insertion of stylopharyngeus muscle
posterior border of thyroid cartilage
120
origin of salpingopharyngeous m
pharyngeal end of pharygotympanic tube
121
what CN innervate pharynx?
IX and X
122
what functional components does CN IX contribute to pharynx? and how?
GVA- nerve of herring to carotid sinus/body
SVE- to stylopharyngeous m
SVA- taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue
GSA- conchae of ear, mucosa of pharynx
123
functional components of CN X in pharynx and their purpose:
SVE- to mm. of pharynx and soft palate
GVE- to glands of pharyngeal mucosa (and sympathetics to pharyngeal mucosa blood vessels)
GSA- to mucosa of laryngopharynx
124
sensory innervation of the pharynx
V2-
IX-
X-
- hard palate and upper part of nasophayrnx
- nasopharynx and oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
125
afferent limb of gag reflex is CN ___
IX
126
efferent limb of gag reflex is CN __
X
127
the 5 arteries to palatine tonsils
lesser palatine, ascending pharyngeal, ascending palatine, tonsilar branch of facial, dorsal lingual aa
128
tonsilar ring around pharynx is called
Waldeyer's ring
129
contents of sphenopalatine foramen
nasopalatine nerve and sphenopalatine a.
130
what runs through pharyngeal canal?
pharyngeal nerve and artery
131
what runs in the palatine canal?
greater and lesser palatine nn. and aa.
132
recurrent meningeal nerve of V2 branches where and innervates what?
branches before foramen rotundum and innervates dura of MCF
133
infraorbital nerve branches into what 3 nerves
inferior palpebral, external nasal, and superior labial
134
zygomatic n. branches off ________ before _______
infraorbital nerve before infraorbital canal
135
zygomatic nerve branches into what 3 branches?
zygomaticofacial, zygomaticotemporal, and communicating branch
136
orbital branches of V2 come off 1 of which 2 places and innervate what?
either infraorbital nerve or pterygopalatine ganglion and innervate periorbita, posterior ethmoidal sinus, and sphenoid sinus
137
palatine tonsils are innervated by
lesser palatine n
138
posterior superior nasal nerves branch into what?
lateral and medial branches
139
the largest medial branch of posterior superior nasal nerves is
nasopalatine n
140
lateral branch of posterior superior nasal nerve innervates what?
mucosa of superior and middle nasal conchae
141
medial branch of posterior superior nasal nerves innervates what?
nasal septum
142
nasopalatine nerve innervates:
anterior portion of hard palate via incisive canal
143
posterior inferior nasal nerves branch off ______ in ______
greater palatine n in palatine canal
144
posterior inferior nasal nerves innervate
inferior nasal concha and middle and inferior nasal meatuses
145
pharyngeal n innervates what sinus?
sphenoid
146
postsynaptic parasympathetics travel along all branches of V2 except:
terminal branches of infraorbial nerve
| and they only use zygomatic n to hitch a ride to lacrimal
147
superior mental spines-
where genioglossus muscle attaches
148
inferior mental spines-
where geniohyoid muscle attaches
149
mylohyoid groove-
where mylohyoid a and n pass
150
what structures are btw mylohyoid and hyoglossus?
lingual n, CN XII, and submandibular ganglion
151
structures deep to hyoglossus m
lingual a, deep lingual vv, and CN IX
152
all extrinsic muscles of tongue are innervated by CN XII except
palatoglossus
153
4 extrinsic muscles of tongue:
styloglossus, genioglossus, hyoglossus, palatoglossus
154
transverse intrinsic muscles ______ the tongue, while longitudinal muscles ______ the tongue
- protrude
| - retract
155
taste to soft palate supplied by CN
CN VII
156
taste to epiglottic area supplied by CN
X
157
what branch of V3 innervates gingiva of molars?
buccal
158
innervation of vestibular maxillary gingiva done by:
anterior, middle, and posterior superior alveolar nn
| infraorbital contributes incisors, canines, and premolars
159
innervation of superior lingual gingiva done by:
nasopalatine n (incisors and canines) and greater palatine n (premolars and molars)
160
uvula muscle called:
musculus uvulae
161
what sinuses drain into middle meatus?
frontal, anterior ethmoidal, middle ethmoidal, and maxillary
162
what sinuses drain into superior meatus?
posterior ethmoidals
163
sphenoid sinus drains into
sphenoethmoidal recess
164
sphenoidal sinus innervated by:
posterior ethmoidal branches of nasociliary n + orbital branches and pharyngeal n of V2
165
CN X reenters bone through _____ to innervate the ear
mastoid canaliculus
166
what CN's innervate the external auditory canal?
CN V3, VII, X, IX
167
auriculotemporal nerve is sensory to anterior/posterior wall of external auditory canal?
anterior
168
superior part of tympanic membrane-
pars flacida
169
nerves and blood vessels enter the tympanic membrane through the-
pars flaccida
170
all tympanic membrane that isnt pars flaccida
pars tensa
171
the center of the tympanic membrane-
umbo
172
barrier btw middle ear and cranial fossa-
tegmen tympani
173
tympanic nerve is a branch of CN ____ and enters middle ear through the _______
- IX
| - tympanic canaliculus
174
tensor tympani m attaches to
neck of the malleus
175
stapedius muscle is innervated by CN
VII
176
oval window aka
fenestra vestibuli
177
round window aka
fenestra cochleae
178
stapedius transmits sound to the
oval window
179
what cell bodies reside in the geniculate ganglion?
SVA (taste) from chorda tympani and greater petrosal nerve
180
what nerves synapse in the geniculate ganglion?
none
181
where does chorda tympani emerge from the skull
petrotympanic fissure
182
superior border of larynx aka
laryngeal aditus
183
what are the 2 thickenings of thyrohyoid membrane?
median and lateral thyrohyoid ligaments
184
superior extension of cricothyroid ligament
conus elasticus
185
______ attaches epiglottis to posterior aspect of tongue
median glossoepiglottic fold
186
depression on either side of the epiglottic folds and anterior to the epiglottis
epiglottic valleculae
187
opening between vestibular folds
rima vestibuli
188
narrow aperture between the true vocal cords
rima glottidis
189
diverticulum btw true and false vocal cords
ventricle of laryx
190
cricothyroid m is innervated by
external branch of superior laryngeal n.
191
ansa cervicalis innervates
sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid
192
thyrohyoid innervated by
C1
193
posterior cricoarytenoid action
abduct vocal cords
194
lateral cricoarytenoid action
adduct vocal cords
195
transverse arytenoid action
adduct vocal cords
196
oblique arytenoid action
sphincter of vestibule of larynx
197
ariepiglottic muscle action
sphincter of vestibule of larynx
198
thyroarytenoideus muscle action
lessen tension in vocal ligament
199
vocalis muscle action
shorten vocal cord by drawing arytenoid cartilage forward
