GRFC - O, I, N A Flashcards
Tibialis anterior
O: Tibial shaft (lateral aspect), interosseous membrane
I: Medial cuneiform, base of 1st metatarsal
N: Deep peroneal nerve (anterior compartment)
A: Dorsiflexion, inversion, supports medial longitudinal arch
Extensor digitorum longus
O: Shaft of fibula (anterior surface)
[shaft of tibia, interosseous membrane]
I: Extensor expansion of lateral four toes
N: Deep peroneal nerve (anterior compartment)
A: Dorsiflexion, toe extension
Peroneus tertius
O: Shaft of fibula (anterior surface)
I: Base of 5th metatarsal
N: Deep peroneal nerve (anterior compartment)
A: Dorsiflexion, eversion
Extensor digitorum brevis
O: Calcaneum
I: By four tendons into the proximal phalanx of big toe and long extensor tendons to 2nd, 3rd, and 4th toes
N: Deep peroneal nerve (anterior compartment)
A: Extends toes
Extensor hallucis longus
O: Shaft of fibula (anterior surface)
I: Base of distal phalanx of great toe
N: Deep peroneal nerve (anterior compartment)
A: Dorsiflexion, inversion
Peroneus brevis
O: Shaft of fibula (lateral surface)
I: Base of 5th metatarsal
N: Superficial peroneal nerve (lateral compartment)
A: Plantarflexion, eversion, supports lateral longitudinal arch
Peroneus longus
O: Shaft of fibula (lateral aspect)
I: Medial cuneiform, base of 1st metatarsal
N: Superficial peroneal nerve (lateral compartment)
A: Plantarflexion, eversion, supports lateral longitudinal arch and transverse arch
Gastrocnemius (lateral head)
O: Lateral condyle
I: Via tendo calcaneus into calcaneum (posterior surface)
N: Tibial nerve (posterior compartment)
A: Plantarflexion, knee flexion
Gastrocnemius (medial head)
O: Above medial condyle
I: Via tendo calcaneus into calcaneum (posterior surface)
N: Tibial nerve (posterior compartment)
A: Plantarflexion, knee flexion
Popliteus
O: Lateral condyle of femur (lateral surface)
I: Shaft of tibia (posterior) above soleal line
N: Tibial nerve (posterior compartment)
A: Knee flexion, unlocks knee joint (ER of femur on tibia), slackens ligaments of joint
Plantaris
O: Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur
I: Calcaneum (posterior surface)
N: Tibial nerve (posterior compartment)
A: Plantarflexion, knee flexion
Flexor digitorum longus
O: Shaft of tibia (posterior)
I: Bases of distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes
N: Tibial nerve (posterior compartment)
A: Toes flexion, plantarflexion, supports MLA and LLA
Flexor hallucis longus
O: Shaft of fibula (posterior)
I: Base of distal phalanx of big toe
N: Tibial nerve (posterior compartment)
A: Toe flexion, plantarflexion, supports MLA
Soleus
O: Shaft of tibia, shaft of fibula
I: Via tendo calcaneus into calcaneum (posterior surface)
N: Tibial nerve (posterior compartment)
A: Plantarflexion (powerful), provides main propulsive force in walking and running
Tibialis posterior
O: Shaft of tibia (posterior), shaft of fibula (posterior), inteosseous membrane
I: Navicular tuberosity and other neighboring bones
N: Tibial nerve
A: Plantarflexion, inversion, supports medial longitudinal arch
Abductor hallucis
Layer 1
O: Medial tuberosity of calcaneum, flexor retinaculum
I: Base of proximal phalanx of big toe
N: Medial plantar nerve
A: Flexion and abduction of big toe, braces MLA
Flexor digitorum brevis
Layer 1
O: Medial tuberosity of calcaneum
I: 4 tendons to 4 lateral toes inserted into borders of middle phalanges
N: Medial plantar nerve
A: Toe flexion, braces MLA and LLA
Quadratus plantae
Layer 2
O: Medial and lateral sides of calcaneum
I: Tendons of FDL
N: Lateral plantar nerve
A: Flexes 4 lateral toes (assists FDL)
Abductor digiti minimi
Layer 1
O: Medial and lateral tuberosities of calcaneum
I: Base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe
N: Lateral plantar nerve
A: Toe flexion and abduction, braces LLA
Lumbricals of the foot
Layer 2
O: Tendons of FDL (flexor digitorum longus)
I: Bases of lateral 4 proximal phalanges, dorsal extensor expansion
N: 1st - medial plantar nerve
Remainder - lateral plantar nerve
A: Extends toes at IP joints
Flexor hallucis brevis
Layer 3
O: Cuboid, lateral cuneiform, tibialis posterior insertion
I: Medial tendon to medial side of proximal phalanx of big toe; lateral tendon to lateral side of proximal phalanx of big toe
N: Medial plantar nerve
A: Big toe MTP flexion, supports MLA
Adductor hallucis (transverse head)
Layer 3
O: Plantar ligaments
I: Base of proximal phalanx of big toe (lateral side)
N: Lateral plantar nerve (deep branch)
A: Big toe MTP flexion, holds metatarsal bones
Adductor hallucis (oblique head)
Layer 3
O: Bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals
I: Base of proximal phalanx of big toe (lateral side)
N: Lateral plantar nerve (deep branch)
A: Big toe MTP flexion, holds metatarsal bones
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Layer 3
O: Base of 5th metatarsal
I: Base of proximal phalanx of big toe (lateral aspect)
N: Lateral plantar nerve
A: Little toe MTP joint flexion
Dorsal interossei of foot
O: Adjacent sides of metatarsal bones
I: Bases of proximal phalanges
1st - medial side of 2nd toe
Remainder - lateral sides of 2nd, 3rd, 4th toes
Dorsal extensor expansion
N: Lateral plantar nerve
A: Toe abduction, MCP flexion, IP extension
Plantar interossei
Layer 4
O: Inferior surfaces of 3rd, 4th, 5th metatarsals
I: Medial side of bases of phalanges of lateral 3 toes
N: Lateral plantar nerve
A: Toe adduction, MTP flexion, IP extension
Biceps femoris (short head)
O: Linea aspera
Biceps femoris (long head)
O: Ischial tuberosity
Tensor fascia lata
O: Iliac crest
Semitendinosus
O: Ischial tuberosity
Levator scapula
O: C1 - C4 transverse processes
Deltoids
O: Lateral one-third of clavicle (anterior), acromion process (middle), spine of scapula (posterior)
I: Shaft of humerus (middle of lateral surface)
N: Axillary nerve
A: Shoulder abduction, shoulder flexion and internal rotation (anterior), shoulder extension and external rotation (posterior)
Supraspinatus
O: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
I: Greater tuberosity of humerus, shoulder joint capsule
N: Suprascapular nerve
A: Shoulder abduction, stabilization of shoulder joint
Infraspinatus
O: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
I: Greater tuberosity of humerus, shoulder joint capsule
N: Suprascapular nerve
A: Shoulder internal rotation, stabilization of shoulder joint
Teres minor
O: Upper two-thirds of lateral border of scapula
I: Greater tuberosity of humerus, shoulder joint capsule
N: Axillaray nerve
A: Shoulder external rotation, shoulder joint stabilization
Subscapularis
O: Subscapular fossa
I: Lesser tuberosity of humerus
N: Upper subscapular nerve, lower subscapular nerve
A: Shoulde internal rotation, stabilization of shoulder joint
Teres major
O: Lower 1/3 of lateral border of scapula
I: Bicipital groove (medial lip)
N: Lower subscapular nerve
A: Shoulder internal rotation, adduction, stabilization of shoulder joint
Trapezius
O: Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spine of C7, spines of all thoracic vertebrae
Latissimus dorsi
O: Iliac crest, lumbar fascia, spines of lower six thoracic vertebrae, lower 3 or 4 ribs, inferior angle of scapula
Rhomboid minor
O: Ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7 and T1
Biceps brachii (long head)
O: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Biceps brachii (short head)
O: Coracoid process of scapula
Coracobrachialis
O: Coracoid process of scapula
Brachialis
O: Front of lower half of humerus
Triceps brachii (long head)
O: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Triceps brachii (lateral head)
O: Shaft of humerus (posterior surface, upper half)
Triceps brachii (medial head)
O: Shaft of humerus (posterior surface, lower half)
Pronator teres (humeral head)
O: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Pronator teres (ulnar head)
O: Coronoid process of ulna (medial border)
Flexor carpi radialis
O: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Palmaris longus
O: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Flexor carpi ulnaris (humeral head)
O: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar head)
O: Olecranon process (medial aspect), posterior border of ulna
Flexor digitorum superficialis (humeroulnar head)
O: Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna (medial border)
Flexor digitorum superficialis (radial head)
O: Oblique line on anterior shaft of radius
Flexor pollicis longus
O: Anterior surface of shaft of radius
Flexor digitorum profundus
O: Anteromedial surface of shaft of ulna
Pronator quadratus
O: Anterior surface of shaft of ulna
Gracilis
O: Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium
Adductor longus
O: Body of pubis, medial to pubic tubercle
Adductor brevis
O: Inferior ramus of pubis
Adductor magnus (adductor portion)
O: Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium
Adductor magnus (hamstring portion)
O: Ischial tuberosity
Gluteus maximus
O: Ilium (outer surface), sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
Gluteus medius
O: Ilium (outer surface)
Gluteus minimus
O: Outer surface of ilium
Piriformis
O: Sacrum (anterior surface)
Extensor carpi radialis longus
O: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Brachioradialis
O: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Extensor digitorum
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Extensor digiti minimi
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Extensor carpi ulnaris
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Anconeus
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Extensor pollicis longus
O: Posterior shaft of ulna
Extensor pollicis brevis
O: Posterior shaft of radius
Abductor pollicis longus
O: Posterior shafts of radius and ulna
Extensor indicis
O: Posterior shaft of ulna
Supinator
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, ulna, annular ligament of PRU
Rhomboid major
O: Spines of T2 - T5
Pectoralis major
O: Clavicle, sternum, upper 6 costal cartilages
Pectoralis minor
O: Ribs 3 - 5
Subclavius
O: 1st costal cartilage
Serratus anterior
O: Upper 8 ribs
