GRFC - O, I, N A

Question 1

Tibialis anterior

Answer 1

O: Tibial shaft (lateral aspect), interosseous membrane

I: Medial cuneiform, base of 1st metatarsal

N: Deep peroneal nerve (anterior compartment)

A: Dorsiflexion, inversion, supports medial longitudinal arch

Question 2

Extensor digitorum longus

Answer 2

O: Shaft of fibula (anterior surface)
[shaft of tibia, interosseous membrane]

I: Extensor expansion of lateral four toes

N: Deep peroneal nerve (anterior compartment)

A: Dorsiflexion, toe extension

Question 2

Peroneus tertius

Answer 2

O: Shaft of fibula (anterior surface)

I: Base of 5th metatarsal

N: Deep peroneal nerve (anterior compartment)

A: Dorsiflexion, eversion

Question 3

Extensor digitorum brevis

Answer 3

O: Calcaneum

I: By four tendons into the proximal phalanx of big toe and long extensor tendons to 2nd, 3rd, and 4th toes

N: Deep peroneal nerve (anterior compartment)

A: Extends toes

Question 4

Extensor hallucis longus

Answer 4

O: Shaft of fibula (anterior surface)

I: Base of distal phalanx of great toe

N: Deep peroneal nerve (anterior compartment)

A: Dorsiflexion, inversion

Question 6

Peroneus brevis

Answer 6

O: Shaft of fibula (lateral surface)

I: Base of 5th metatarsal

N: Superficial peroneal nerve (lateral compartment)

A: Plantarflexion, eversion, supports lateral longitudinal arch

Question 7

Peroneus longus

Answer 7

O: Shaft of fibula (lateral aspect)

I: Medial cuneiform, base of 1st metatarsal

N: Superficial peroneal nerve (lateral compartment)

A: Plantarflexion, eversion, supports lateral longitudinal arch and transverse arch

Question 8

Gastrocnemius (lateral head)

Answer 8

O: Lateral condyle

I: Via tendo calcaneus into calcaneum (posterior surface)

N: Tibial nerve (posterior compartment)

A: Plantarflexion, knee flexion

Question 9

Gastrocnemius (medial head)

Answer 9

O: Above medial condyle

I: Via tendo calcaneus into calcaneum (posterior surface)

N: Tibial nerve (posterior compartment)

A: Plantarflexion, knee flexion

Question 10

Popliteus

Answer 10

O: Lateral condyle of femur (lateral surface)

I: Shaft of tibia (posterior) above soleal line

N: Tibial nerve (posterior compartment)

A: Knee flexion, unlocks knee joint (ER of femur on tibia), slackens ligaments of joint

Question 11

Plantaris

Answer 11

O: Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur

I: Calcaneum (posterior surface)

N: Tibial nerve (posterior compartment)

A: Plantarflexion, knee flexion

Question 12

Flexor digitorum longus

Answer 12

O: Shaft of tibia (posterior)

I: Bases of distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes

N: Tibial nerve (posterior compartment)

A: Toes flexion, plantarflexion, supports MLA and LLA

Question 12

Flexor hallucis longus

Answer 12

O: Shaft of fibula (posterior)

I: Base of distal phalanx of big toe

N: Tibial nerve (posterior compartment)

A: Toe flexion, plantarflexion, supports MLA

Question 13

Soleus

Answer 13

O: Shaft of tibia, shaft of fibula

I: Via tendo calcaneus into calcaneum (posterior surface)

N: Tibial nerve (posterior compartment)

A: Plantarflexion (powerful), provides main propulsive force in walking and running

Question 14

Tibialis posterior

Answer 14

O: Shaft of tibia (posterior), shaft of fibula (posterior), inteosseous membrane

I: Navicular tuberosity and other neighboring bones

N: Tibial nerve

A: Plantarflexion, inversion, supports medial longitudinal arch

Question 15

Abductor hallucis

Answer 15

Layer 1

O: Medial tuberosity of calcaneum, flexor retinaculum

I: Base of proximal phalanx of big toe

N: Medial plantar nerve

A: Flexion and abduction of big toe, braces MLA

Question 15

Flexor digitorum brevis

Answer 15

Layer 1

O: Medial tuberosity of calcaneum

I: 4 tendons to 4 lateral toes inserted into borders of middle phalanges

N: Medial plantar nerve

A: Toe flexion, braces MLA and LLA

Question 16

Quadratus plantae

Answer 16

Layer 2

O: Medial and lateral sides of calcaneum

I: Tendons of FDL

N: Lateral plantar nerve

A: Flexes 4 lateral toes (assists FDL)

Question 16

Abductor digiti minimi

Answer 16

Layer 1

O: Medial and lateral tuberosities of calcaneum

I: Base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe

N: Lateral plantar nerve

A: Toe flexion and abduction, braces LLA

Question 17

Lumbricals of the foot

Answer 17

Layer 2

O: Tendons of FDL (flexor digitorum longus)

I: Bases of lateral 4 proximal phalanges, dorsal extensor expansion

N: 1st - medial plantar nerve
Remainder - lateral plantar nerve

A: Extends toes at IP joints

Question 18

Flexor hallucis brevis

Answer 18

Layer 3

O: Cuboid, lateral cuneiform, tibialis posterior insertion

I: Medial tendon to medial side of proximal phalanx of big toe; lateral tendon to lateral side of proximal phalanx of big toe

N: Medial plantar nerve

A: Big toe MTP flexion, supports MLA

Question 19

Adductor hallucis (transverse head)

Answer 19

Layer 3

O: Plantar ligaments

I: Base of proximal phalanx of big toe (lateral side)

N: Lateral plantar nerve (deep branch)

A: Big toe MTP flexion, holds metatarsal bones

Question 20

Adductor hallucis (oblique head)

Answer 20

Layer 3

O: Bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals

I: Base of proximal phalanx of big toe (lateral side)

N: Lateral plantar nerve (deep branch)

A: Big toe MTP flexion, holds metatarsal bones

Question 20

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Answer 20

Layer 3

O: Base of 5th metatarsal

I: Base of proximal phalanx of big toe (lateral aspect)

N: Lateral plantar nerve

A: Little toe MTP joint flexion

Question 21

Dorsal interossei of foot

Answer 21

O: Adjacent sides of metatarsal bones I: Bases of proximal phalanges 1st - medial side of 2nd toe Remainder - lateral sides of 2nd, 3rd, 4th toes Dorsal extensor expansion N: Lateral plantar nerve A: Toe abduction, MCP flexion, IP extension

Question 21

Plantar interossei

Answer 21

Layer 4 O: Inferior surfaces of 3rd, 4th, 5th metatarsals I: Medial side of bases of phalanges of lateral 3 toes N: Lateral plantar nerve A: Toe adduction, MTP flexion, IP extension

Question 22

Biceps femoris (short head)

Answer 22

O: Linea aspera

Question 24

Biceps femoris (long head)

Answer 24

O: Ischial tuberosity

Question 26

Tensor fascia lata

Answer 26

O: Iliac crest

Question 27

Semitendinosus

Answer 27

O: Ischial tuberosity

Question 29

Levator scapula

Answer 29

O: C1 - C4 transverse processes

Question 31

Deltoids

Answer 31

O: Lateral one-third of clavicle (anterior), acromion process (middle), spine of scapula (posterior) I: Shaft of humerus (middle of lateral surface) N: Axillary nerve A: Shoulder abduction, shoulder flexion and internal rotation (anterior), shoulder extension and external rotation (posterior)

Question 33

Supraspinatus

Answer 33

O: Supraspinous fossa of scapula I: Greater tuberosity of humerus, shoulder joint capsule N: Suprascapular nerve A: Shoulder abduction, stabilization of shoulder joint

Question 35

Infraspinatus

Answer 35

O: Infraspinous fossa of scapula I: Greater tuberosity of humerus, shoulder joint capsule N: Suprascapular nerve A: Shoulder internal rotation, stabilization of shoulder joint

Question 36

Teres minor

Answer 36

O: Upper two-thirds of lateral border of scapula I: Greater tuberosity of humerus, shoulder joint capsule N: Axillaray nerve A: Shoulder external rotation, shoulder joint stabilization

Question 37

Subscapularis

Answer 37

O: Subscapular fossa I: Lesser tuberosity of humerus N: Upper subscapular nerve, lower subscapular nerve A: Shoulde internal rotation, stabilization of shoulder joint

Question 38

Teres major

Answer 38

O: Lower 1/3 of lateral border of scapula I: Bicipital groove (medial lip) N: Lower subscapular nerve A: Shoulder internal rotation, adduction, stabilization of shoulder joint

Question 39

Trapezius

Answer 39

O: Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spine of C7, spines of all thoracic vertebrae

Question 40

Latissimus dorsi

Answer 40

O: Iliac crest, lumbar fascia, spines of lower six thoracic vertebrae, lower 3 or 4 ribs, inferior angle of scapula

Question 41

Rhomboid minor

Answer 41

O: Ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7 and T1

Question 42

Biceps brachii (long head)

Answer 42

O: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Question 43

Biceps brachii (short head)

Answer 43

O: Coracoid process of scapula

Question 44

Coracobrachialis

Answer 44

O: Coracoid process of scapula

Question 45

Brachialis

Answer 45

O: Front of lower half of humerus

Question 46

Triceps brachii (long head)

Answer 46

O: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Question 47

Triceps brachii (lateral head)

Answer 47

O: Shaft of humerus (posterior surface, upper half)

Question 48

Triceps brachii (medial head)

Answer 48

O: Shaft of humerus (posterior surface, lower half)

Question 49

Pronator teres (humeral head)

Answer 49

O: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Question 50

Pronator teres (ulnar head)

Answer 50

O: Coronoid process of ulna (medial border)

Question 51

Flexor carpi radialis

Answer 51

O: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Question 52

Palmaris longus

Answer 52

O: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Question 53

Flexor carpi ulnaris (humeral head)

Answer 53

O: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Question 54

Flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar head)

Answer 54

O: Olecranon process (medial aspect), posterior border of ulna

Question 55

Flexor digitorum superficialis (humeroulnar head)

Answer 55

O: Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna (medial border)

Question 56

Flexor digitorum superficialis (radial head)

Answer 56

O: Oblique line on anterior shaft of radius

Question 57

Flexor pollicis longus

Answer 57

O: Anterior surface of shaft of radius

Question 58

Flexor digitorum profundus

Answer 58

O: Anteromedial surface of shaft of ulna

Question 59

Pronator quadratus

Answer 59

O: Anterior surface of shaft of ulna

Question 60

Gracilis

Answer 60

O: Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium

Question 60

Adductor longus

Answer 60

O: Body of pubis, medial to pubic tubercle

Question 61

Adductor brevis

Answer 61

O: Inferior ramus of pubis

Question 62

Adductor magnus (adductor portion)

Answer 62

O: Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium

Question 63

Adductor magnus (hamstring portion)

Answer 63

O: Ischial tuberosity

Question 64

Gluteus maximus

Answer 64

O: Ilium (outer surface), sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament

Question 65

Gluteus medius

Answer 65

O: Ilium (outer surface)

Question 66

Gluteus minimus

Answer 66

O: Outer surface of ilium

Question 67

Piriformis

Answer 67

O: Sacrum (anterior surface)

Question 68

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Answer 68

O: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Question 69

Brachioradialis

Answer 69

O: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Question 70

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Answer 70

O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Question 71

Extensor digitorum

Answer 71

O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Question 72

Extensor digiti minimi

Answer 72

O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Question 73

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Answer 73

O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Question 74

Anconeus

Answer 74

O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Question 75

Extensor pollicis longus

Answer 75

O: Posterior shaft of ulna

Question 76

Extensor pollicis brevis

Answer 76

O: Posterior shaft of radius

Question 77

Abductor pollicis longus

Answer 77

O: Posterior shafts of radius and ulna

Question 77

Extensor indicis

Answer 77

O: Posterior shaft of ulna

Question 78

Supinator

Answer 78

O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, ulna, annular ligament of PRU

Question 79

Rhomboid major

Answer 79

O: Spines of T2 - T5

Question 80

Pectoralis major

Answer 80

O: Clavicle, sternum, upper 6 costal cartilages

Question 81

Pectoralis minor

Answer 81

O: Ribs 3 - 5

Question 82

Subclavius

Answer 82

O: 1st costal cartilage

Question 83

Serratus anterior

Answer 83

O: Upper 8 ribs