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GRFC > GFRC - human growth and development > Flashcards

GFRC - human growth and development Flashcards

1
Q

Development

A

Refinement and acquisition of skills

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2
Q

Embryonic development

A

Development that happens in the first two months

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3
Q

Fetal development

A

Development that happens after the first 2 months

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4
Q

Gestational age of fetus

A

38 weeks to 42 weeks

(premature

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5
Q

Conceptional age of fetus

A

Since conception

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6
Q

Maternal infections

A 
[SToRCH]
Syphilis
Toxoplasmosis
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes simplex
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7
Q

GP(FPAL)

A 
Gravida
Parity
Full term
Pre-term
Abortion
Live birth
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8
Q

APGAR scale

A 
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration
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9
Q

Head circumference

A

Glabella to occipital protuberance

Birth: 35cm
At 4 months: 41cm
At 12 months: 47cm
Adult: 57cm

+0.25cm per month on 5th to 12th month

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10
Q

Head to trunk circumference ratio

A

CC
=1 year: HC=CC
>1 year: HC

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11
Q

Center of gravity

A

Child: Xiphoid process
Adult: 1” anterior to S2

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12
Q

Height

A

Birth: 50cm
Adult: Twice that of the child at 2 years old

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13
Q

Newborn weight

A

Average: 3.5kg
Range: 2.5kg to 4.5kg

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14
Q

Positional evolution of knee

A

Newborn: Moderate genu varum
6 months: Minimal genu varum
1 year and 7 months (19 months): Straight legs
2 years and 6 months (30 months) : Physiologic genu valgum
Adult: Straight legs with normal toe-out

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15
Q

Eric Erickson’s stages of development

A 
Trust vs mistrust
Autonomy vs shame and doubt
Initiative vs guilt
Industry vs inferiority
Identity vs identity confusion
Intimacy vs isolation
Generativity vs stagnation
Integrity vs despair
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16
Q

Piaget’s stages of cognitive development

A

Sensorimotor: immature reflex - birth to 2 months
Preoperational: symbolic language - 2 months to 7 months
Concrete operations: logical thinkung - 7 months to 11 months
Formal operations: abstract thinking - 11 months onwards

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17
Q

IQ scoring

A 
>130: very superior/ genius
120-129: superior
110-119: above average
90-109: average
80-89: below average
70-79: borderline
50-69: mild MR (moron)
35-49: moderate MR (imbecile)
20-34: severe MR (idiot)
10-19: profound MR (idiot)
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18
Q

Babinski reflex

A

Age: 0 month - 12 months
Stimulus: Stroke lateral plantar aspect
Response: Extension of big toe and fanning of toes

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19
Q

Flexor withdrawal reflex

A

Age: 0 month - 2 months
Stimulus: Quick sharp pressure to sole or palm
Response: Withdrawal of extremity

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20
Q

Crossed extension reflex

A

Age: 0 month - 2 months
Stimulus: Quick sharp pressure to sole
Response: Withdrawal of I/L extremity, extension of C/L extremity

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21
Q

Galant (trunk incurvation) reflex

A

Age: 0 month to 2 months
Stimulus: Stroke along paravertebral line from scapula to top of iliac crest
Response: Trunk lateral flexion towards stimulated side

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22
Q

Rooting reflex

A

Age: 0 month - 3 months
Stimulus: Stroke peri-oral region
Response: Head turn towards stimulus, mouth open

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23
Q

Moro reflex

A

Age: 0 month - 4 months
Stimulus: Sudden neck extension
Response: Shoulder flexion, abduction, elbow extension, followed by shoulder adduction, elbow flexion, cry
NOTE: last to be tested

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24
Q

Palmar grasp reflex

A

Age: 0 month - 4 months
Stimulus: Pressure against palm
Response: Grasp with slow release

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25
Asymmetric tonic neck reflex
Age: 0 month - 5 months Stimulus: Head rotation Response: UE extension on chin side, UE flexion on occiput side
26
Sucking reflex
Age: 0 month - 6 months Stimulus: Touch lips, tongue, palate Response: Automatic sucking
27
Tonic labyrinthine reflex
Age: 0 month - 6 months Stimulus: Prone / supine Response: Increased flexor tone / increased extensor tone
28
Startle reflex
Age: 0 month - 6 months Stimulus: Loud noise, sudden light or cold stimulus Response: Whole body jerk, or shoulder extension and abduction, followed by shoulder adduction
29
Placing reaction
Age: 0 month - 6 months Stimulus: Drag dorsum of foot or hand against edge of table Response: Placing of foot or hand on edge of table
30
Plantar grasp
Age: 0 month - 9 months Stimulus: Pressure against sole, place foot on floor Response: Curling of toes
31
Barlow's test
Barlow (dislocation)
32
Ortolani's test
Ortolani (relocation)
33
Milestones (newborn)
Gross motor: Flexor tone predominance Fine motor: Palmar grasp Speech: Cry P/S: Habituation state dependence
34
Milestones (1 month)
Motor: Midline hand play, hands mostly open
35
Milestones (4 months)
``` Gross motor: Prone to supine, head in midline Motor: Head in midline, lap baby Fine motor: Crude palmar grasp Speech: Coos (squeals, chuckles, laughs) P/S: recognizes bottle ```
36
Milestones (5 months)
Gross motor (others): Pulls to sit
37
Growth
Increase in physical size and dimension relative to maturity
38
Milestones (6 months)
Gross motor (other): Sits with support
40
Milestones (8 months)
Gross motor (others): Sits without support
41
Milestones (7 months)
Gross motor: Supine to prone Motor: Holds bottle, transfers objects ufrom hand to handt Fine motor: Intermediate grasp, transfers objects from hand to hand Speech: 1 syllable P/S: Holds bottle, stranger anxiety, separation anxiety
43
Milestones (10 months)
Gross motor: Creeps, cruises, pivots in sitting, (others: pulls to stand) Motor: Cruises, pivots in sitting, pincer grasp, peek-a-boo, bye-bye Fine motor: Pincer grasp Speech: 2 syllables P/S: Peek-a-boo, finger feeds, love affair with the world
44
Milestones (14 months)
``` Gross motor: Walks with high guard Motor: High guard Fine motor: Holds crayon in full length, scribbles Speech: 1 word P/S: Uses spoon with overpronation ```
45
Milestones (18 months)
``` Gross motor: Walks with low guard Motor: Low guard, walks backwards Fine motor: Holds crayon on butt end Speech: Points to body parts, identifies pictures P/S: Drinks from cup neatly ```
46
Milestones (2 years)
Gross motor: Jumps with (B) LE in place (others: starts to run, up and down stairs) Motor: Jumps with (B) LE in place Fine motor: Pencil shaft between thumb and finger, draws vertical line Speech: 2-word sentence P/S: Pulls on garments, uses spoon well
47
Milestones (3 years)
Gross motor: Pedals a tricycle, broad jump (others: mature walking, unstable tandem walking, runs well, alternating up stairs) Motor: Overhand throw Fine motor: Overhand throw Speech: 3-word sentence, stutters, copies circle P/S: Toilet trained, pours from pitcher
48
Milestones (4 years)
Gross motor: Hops (others: alternating down stairs) Motor: Underhand with scissors Fine motor: Underhand throw, scissors, draws small cross Speech: Repeats 4 digits P/S: Dresses with supervision
49
Milestones (5 years)
``` Gross motor: Tiptoes (others: stable tandem walking, skips) Motor: Diagonal, brushes teeth Fine motor: Diagonal, draws triangle Speech: Counts 1 to 10, fluent P/S: Dresses without supervision ```
50
Milestones (6 years)
Gross motor: Bicycles, skates Fine motor: Mature catch and throw, horizontal rhombus Speech: Mastery of grammar P/S: Shoe lace
51
Milestones (7 years)
Gross motor: Refinement of skills (others: normal/established walking) Fine motor: Vertical rhombus P/S: Eats with fork and knife
52
Embryonic development (week 1)
Fertilization (union of sperm and egg) Zygote (fertilized egg) Blastomere (cell within a cell from cleavage formation) Morula (solid sphere of cells) forms trophoblast and embryoblast *Trophoblast (where placenta arises) *Embryoblast (baby, where fetus arises)
53
Embryonic development (week 2)
Development of trophoblast (hallmark) Development of bilaminar embryonic disc which forms epiblast and hypoblast *Ectoderm (from epiblast) *Endoderm (from hypoblast) Development of chorion Development of sinusoid -> lacunae -> extraembryonic coelom
54
Embryonic development (week 3)
``` Development of gastula which form ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm Formation of primary brain vescicle Development of notochord -> vertebrae Neurolation (hallmark) *Neural plate *Neural fold *Neural groove *Neural crest *Neural tube Development of intraembryonic coelom ```
55
Embryonic development (week 4)
Formation of limb bud placodes (optic, otic)
56
Embryonic development (week 5)
Growth of brain and head | Development of secondary brain vescicle
57
Embryonic development (week 6)
Growth of limbs | Development of 4 chambers of heart
58
Embryonic development (week 7)
Differentiation of external genitalia | Disappearance of tail
59
Fetal development (week 8)
Isolated muscle contraction
60
Fetal development (week 12)
Bile
61
Fetal development (week 14)
Graceful movement
62
Fetal development (week 16)
Meconium ("poop")
63
Fetal development (week 17)
Grasp reflex | Upper lip protrusion
64
Fetal development (week 20)
Upper lip and lower lip protrusion
65
Fetal development (week 22)
Phonation
66
Fetal development (week 24 - 26)
Moro reflex (can be at 25th) Sucking Plantar grasp
67
Milestones (8 years)
Fine motor: Big cross
68
Milestones (9 years)
Fine motor: Cylinder
69
Milestones (10 years)
Fine motor: Cube

GRFC (5 decks)

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