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GRFC > GFRC - human growth and development > Flashcards

GFRC - human growth and development Flashcards

1
Q

Development

A

Refinement and acquisition of skills

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2
Q

Embryonic development

A

Development that happens in the first two months

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3
Q

Fetal development

A

Development that happens after the first 2 months

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4
Q

Gestational age of fetus

A

38 weeks to 42 weeks

(premature

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5
Q

Conceptional age of fetus

A

Since conception

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6
Q

Maternal infections

A 
[SToRCH]
Syphilis
Toxoplasmosis
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes simplex
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7
Q

GP(FPAL)

A 
Gravida
Parity
Full term
Pre-term
Abortion
Live birth
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8
Q

APGAR scale

A 
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration
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9
Q

Head circumference

A

Glabella to occipital protuberance

Birth: 35cm
At 4 months: 41cm
At 12 months: 47cm
Adult: 57cm

+0.25cm per month on 5th to 12th month

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10
Q

Head to trunk circumference ratio

A

CC
=1 year: HC=CC
>1 year: HC

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11
Q

Center of gravity

A

Child: Xiphoid process
Adult: 1” anterior to S2

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12
Q

Height

A

Birth: 50cm
Adult: Twice that of the child at 2 years old

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13
Q

Newborn weight

A

Average: 3.5kg
Range: 2.5kg to 4.5kg

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14
Q

Positional evolution of knee

A

Newborn: Moderate genu varum
6 months: Minimal genu varum
1 year and 7 months (19 months): Straight legs
2 years and 6 months (30 months) : Physiologic genu valgum
Adult: Straight legs with normal toe-out

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15
Q

Eric Erickson’s stages of development

A 
Trust vs mistrust
Autonomy vs shame and doubt
Initiative vs guilt
Industry vs inferiority
Identity vs identity confusion
Intimacy vs isolation
Generativity vs stagnation
Integrity vs despair
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16
Q

Piaget’s stages of cognitive development

A

Sensorimotor: immature reflex - birth to 2 months
Preoperational: symbolic language - 2 months to 7 months
Concrete operations: logical thinkung - 7 months to 11 months
Formal operations: abstract thinking - 11 months onwards

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17
Q

IQ scoring

A 
>130: very superior/ genius
120-129: superior
110-119: above average
90-109: average
80-89: below average
70-79: borderline
50-69: mild MR (moron)
35-49: moderate MR (imbecile)
20-34: severe MR (idiot)
10-19: profound MR (idiot)
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18
Q

Babinski reflex

A

Age: 0 month - 12 months
Stimulus: Stroke lateral plantar aspect
Response: Extension of big toe and fanning of toes

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19
Q

Flexor withdrawal reflex

A

Age: 0 month - 2 months
Stimulus: Quick sharp pressure to sole or palm
Response: Withdrawal of extremity

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20
Q

Crossed extension reflex

A

Age: 0 month - 2 months
Stimulus: Quick sharp pressure to sole
Response: Withdrawal of I/L extremity, extension of C/L extremity

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21
Q

Galant (trunk incurvation) reflex

A

Age: 0 month to 2 months
Stimulus: Stroke along paravertebral line from scapula to top of iliac crest
Response: Trunk lateral flexion towards stimulated side

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22
Q

Rooting reflex

A

Age: 0 month - 3 months
Stimulus: Stroke peri-oral region
Response: Head turn towards stimulus, mouth open

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23
Q

Moro reflex

A

Age: 0 month - 4 months
Stimulus: Sudden neck extension
Response: Shoulder flexion, abduction, elbow extension, followed by shoulder adduction, elbow flexion, cry
NOTE: last to be tested

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24
Q

Palmar grasp reflex

A

Age: 0 month - 4 months
Stimulus: Pressure against palm
Response: Grasp with slow release

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25
Q

Asymmetric tonic neck reflex

A

Age: 0 month - 5 months
Stimulus: Head rotation
Response: UE extension on chin side, UE flexion on occiput side

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26
Q

Sucking reflex

A

Age: 0 month - 6 months
Stimulus: Touch lips, tongue, palate
Response: Automatic sucking

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27
Q

Tonic labyrinthine reflex

A

Age: 0 month - 6 months
Stimulus: Prone / supine
Response: Increased flexor tone / increased extensor tone

28
Q

Startle reflex

A

Age: 0 month - 6 months
Stimulus: Loud noise, sudden light or cold stimulus
Response: Whole body jerk, or shoulder extension and abduction, followed by shoulder adduction

29
Q

Placing reaction

A

Age: 0 month - 6 months
Stimulus: Drag dorsum of foot or hand against edge of table
Response: Placing of foot or hand on edge of table

30
Q

Plantar grasp

A

Age: 0 month - 9 months
Stimulus: Pressure against sole, place foot on floor
Response: Curling of toes

31
Q

Barlow’s test

A

Barlow (dislocation)

32
Q

Ortolani’s test

A

Ortolani (relocation)

33
Q

Milestones (newborn)

A

Gross motor: Flexor tone predominance
Fine motor: Palmar grasp
Speech: Cry
P/S: Habituation state dependence

34
Q

Milestones (1 month)

A

Motor: Midline hand play, hands mostly open

35
Q

Milestones (4 months)

A 
Gross motor: Prone to supine, head in midline
Motor: Head in midline, lap baby
Fine motor: Crude palmar grasp
Speech: Coos (squeals, chuckles, laughs)
P/S: recognizes bottle
36
Q

Milestones (5 months)

A

Gross motor (others): Pulls to sit

37
Q

Growth

A

Increase in physical size and dimension relative to maturity

38
Q

Milestones (6 months)

A

Gross motor (other): Sits with support

40
Q

Milestones (8 months)

A

Gross motor (others): Sits without support

41
Q

Milestones (7 months)

A

Gross motor: Supine to prone
Motor: Holds bottle, transfers objects ufrom hand to handt
Fine motor: Intermediate grasp, transfers objects from hand to hand
Speech: 1 syllable
P/S: Holds bottle, stranger anxiety, separation anxiety

43
Q

Milestones (10 months)

A

Gross motor: Creeps, cruises, pivots in sitting, (others: pulls to stand)
Motor: Cruises, pivots in sitting, pincer grasp, peek-a-boo, bye-bye
Fine motor: Pincer grasp
Speech: 2 syllables
P/S: Peek-a-boo, finger feeds, love affair with the world

44
Q

Milestones (14 months)

A 
Gross motor: Walks with high guard
Motor: High guard
Fine motor: Holds crayon in full length, scribbles
Speech: 1 word
P/S: Uses spoon with overpronation
45
Q

Milestones (18 months)

A 
Gross motor: Walks with low guard
Motor: Low guard, walks backwards
Fine motor: Holds crayon on butt end
Speech: Points to body parts, identifies pictures
P/S: Drinks from cup neatly
46
Q

Milestones (2 years)

A

Gross motor: Jumps with (B) LE in place (others: starts to run, up and down stairs)
Motor: Jumps with (B) LE in place
Fine motor: Pencil shaft between thumb and finger, draws vertical line
Speech: 2-word sentence
P/S: Pulls on garments, uses spoon well

47
Q

Milestones (3 years)

A

Gross motor: Pedals a tricycle, broad jump (others: mature walking, unstable tandem walking, runs well, alternating up stairs)
Motor: Overhand throw
Fine motor: Overhand throw
Speech: 3-word sentence, stutters, copies circle
P/S: Toilet trained, pours from pitcher

48
Q

Milestones (4 years)

A

Gross motor: Hops (others: alternating down stairs)
Motor: Underhand with scissors
Fine motor: Underhand throw, scissors, draws small cross
Speech: Repeats 4 digits
P/S: Dresses with supervision

49
Q

Milestones (5 years)

A 
Gross motor: Tiptoes (others: stable tandem walking, skips)
Motor: Diagonal, brushes teeth
Fine motor: Diagonal, draws triangle
Speech: Counts 1 to 10, fluent
P/S: Dresses without supervision
50
Q

Milestones (6 years)

A

Gross motor: Bicycles, skates
Fine motor: Mature catch and throw, horizontal rhombus
Speech: Mastery of grammar
P/S: Shoe lace

51
Q

Milestones (7 years)

A

Gross motor: Refinement of skills (others: normal/established walking)
Fine motor: Vertical rhombus
P/S: Eats with fork and knife

52
Q

Embryonic development (week 1)

A

Fertilization (union of sperm and egg)
Zygote (fertilized egg)
Blastomere (cell within a cell from cleavage formation)
Morula (solid sphere of cells) forms trophoblast and embryoblast
*Trophoblast (where placenta arises)
*Embryoblast (baby, where fetus arises)

53
Q

Embryonic development (week 2)

A

Development of trophoblast (hallmark)
Development of bilaminar embryonic disc which forms epiblast and hypoblast
*Ectoderm (from epiblast)
*Endoderm (from hypoblast)
Development of chorion
Development of sinusoid -> lacunae -> extraembryonic coelom

54
Q

Embryonic development (week 3)

A 
Development of gastula which form ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
Formation of primary brain vescicle
Development of notochord -> vertebrae
Neurolation (hallmark)
*Neural plate
*Neural fold
*Neural groove
*Neural crest
*Neural tube
Development of intraembryonic coelom
55
Q

Embryonic development (week 4)

A

Formation of limb bud placodes (optic, otic)

56
Q

Embryonic development (week 5)

A

Growth of brain and head

Development of secondary brain vescicle

57
Q

Embryonic development (week 6)

A

Growth of limbs

Development of 4 chambers of heart

58
Q

Embryonic development (week 7)

A

Differentiation of external genitalia

Disappearance of tail

59
Q

Fetal development (week 8)

A

Isolated muscle contraction

60
Q

Fetal development (week 12)

A

Bile

61
Q

Fetal development (week 14)

A

Graceful movement

62
Q

Fetal development (week 16)

A

Meconium (“poop”)

63
Q

Fetal development (week 17)

A

Grasp reflex

Upper lip protrusion

64
Q

Fetal development (week 20)

A

Upper lip and lower lip protrusion

65
Q

Fetal development (week 22)

A

Phonation

66
Q

Fetal development (week 24 - 26)

A

Moro reflex (can be at 25th)
Sucking
Plantar grasp

67
Q

Milestones (8 years)

A

Fine motor: Big cross

68
Q

Milestones (9 years)

A

Fine motor: Cylinder

69
Q

Milestones (10 years)

A

Fine motor: Cube

GRFC (5 decks)

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