green crime

Question 1

Reece Walters (green crime)

Answer 1

Argues that it is useful to use the term eco crime to identify emissions or actions that threaten the long term stability of life on earth. Walter also includes actions that harm the wellbeing of humans and other species without harming long term sustainability as these cause pain, illness or suffering.

Question 2

Nigel South

Answer 2

Argues that some actions which are regarded to be legal should be seen as environmental crimes as well as those already illegal. There is a two fold framework for understanding this: primary environmental crimes and environmental law breaking (already illegal but not widely enforced). Argues for the concept of zeminology which claims there are objective ways of identifying environmental crimes which are separate by law.

Question 3

White

Answer 3

Argues that the law assumes that humans have the right to exploit the natural environment for their own ends but this view is imposed by humans on nature.

Question 4

Ulrich Beck

Answer 4

Suggests that economic growth in more affluent countries has meant that risks from a lack of resources has declined and science and technology has allowed humans to overcome risks from the natural environment. However, human activity has created new risks and environmental crimes to occur such as nuclear contamination, environmental damage from pollution and toxins. Many of these risks have emerged from economic growth. However, Beck argues that there is increasing global awareness of environmental damage due to increased publicity.