Gray's Anatomy Review Questions

Question 1

A 2-day-old newborn is diagnosed with transposition of the great arteries. Which structure is primarily responsible for the division of the truncus arteriosus into the great arteries?

A. Septum Secundum
B. Septum Primum
C. Bulbar Septum
D. Aorticopulmonary septum
E. Endocardial cushions

Answer 1

D. Aorticopulmonary septum

Question 2

What forms an incomplete separation between the two atria?

Answer 2

septum secundum

Question 3

What divides the atrium into right and left halves?

Answer 3

septum primum

Question 4

A 32-year-old woman in her third trimester of pregnancy is undergoing a routine ultrasound examination. The examination of the fetus reveals enlarged and echogenic lungs, an inverted diaphragm, and fetal ascites. Which condition is best characterized by these signs

A. Laryngeal atresia
B. Tracheal atresia
C. Polyhyradmnios
D. Lung Hypoplasia
E. Oligohydramnios

Answer 4

A. Laryngeal atresia

Question 5

What condition is associated with stunted lung development and pulmonary hypoplasia?

Answer 5

Oligohydramnios (decrease in amniotic fluid)

Question 6

A 2-year-old child is seen in the pediatric cardiology unit for a congenital heart condition. Which of the following conditions occurs most often?

A. Membranous ventricular septal defect (VSD)
B. Tetralogy of Fallot
C. Muscular VSD
D. Ostium secundum defect
E. Ostium primum defect

Answer 6

A. Membranous ventricular septal defect (VSD)

25% of congenital defects

Question 7

What four cardiac defects characterize Tetralogy of Fallot?

Answer 7

1. ) pulmonary stenosis
2. ) VSD (ventricular septal defect)
3. ) Overriding aorta
4. ) Right Ventricular Hypertrophy