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Cardio/Pulm 2017 > 10/23 Lower Respiratory Tract - Carter 2017 (Completed) > Flashcards

10/23 Lower Respiratory Tract - Carter 2017 (Completed) Flashcards

1
Q

What structures are part of the lower respiratory tract?

A

bronchi

bronchial tubes

alveoli

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2
Q

How long is the trachea?

A

extends from C6 –> T4 (sternal angle)

3.5” - 5”

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3
Q

What makes up the structure of the trachea

A

20 U-shaped hyaline cartilaginous rings

posterior wall consisting of smooth muscle

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4
Q

What supplies the trachea?

A

superior thyroid a

inferior thyroid a

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of the right vs left primary bronchi?

A

the Right bronchus:

Large diameter
More vertical
not as long

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6
Q

How many lobes does the left and right secondary (lobar) bronchi have?

A

Right –> 3 lobes/bronchi

Left –> 2 lobes/bronchi

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7
Q

How many segments does the left and right tertiary (segmental) bronchi have?

A

Right –> 10 segments

left –> 8 segments

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8
Q

What branches off the tertiary (segmental) bronchi?

A

terminal bronchioles

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9
Q

What do we call bronchioles that contain alveoli?

A

respiratory bronchioles

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10
Q

What supplies and drains blood from the bronchiole system?

A

descending aorta gives 2 branches to the left and a single branch to the right

azygos v –> superior vena cava

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11
Q

What fissure is associated with both lobes?

A

oblique fissure

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12
Q

What fissure is associated solely with the right lobe?

A

horizontal fissure –> divides the upper and middle lobe

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13
Q

What does the oblique fissure of the right lobe divide?

A

middle and lower lobe

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14
Q

What does the oblique fissure of the left lobe divide?

A

superior and inferior lobe

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15
Q

What accommodates for the heart in the superior left lobe?

A

cardiac notch

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16
Q

What is the lingula?

A

a projection of the inferior part of the cardiac notch

17
Q

What’s the most superior portion of the lungs?

A

Apex or cupola

18
Q

What passes through the hilum of the lungs?

A

bronchi

lobar bronchi

bronchpulmonary lymph node

19
Q

What is the pathway that supplies the lungs?

A

Right ventricle —> pulmonary trunk —> pulmonary a (splits into left/right) —> alveoli capillary network

20
Q

What is important to understand about the surface area of alveoli capillary network?

A

The SA of alveoli capillary network much match the SA of the capillaries of all the organs of the body

21
Q

What types of General Visceral Afferent neurons are found in the lower respiratory tract?

A 
Stretch receptors
Irritant receptors
Tactile receptors
Baroreceptors
Chemoreceptors
22
Q

What innervates the lower respiratory tract?

A

Vagus (CN X)

GVE and GVA

23
Q

Where are stretch receptors found within the lower respiratory tract? What modality governs them?

A

Alveoli and smooth muscle

General Visceral Afferent

24
Q

Where are irritant receptors found within the lower respiratory tract? What modality governs them?

A

Respiratory epithelium

General Visceral Afferent (GVA)

25
Q

Where are tactile receptors found within the lower respiratory tract? What modality governs them?

A

Cough reflex

General Visceral Afferent (GVA)

26
Q

Where are Baroreceptors found within the lower respiratory tract? What modality governs them?

A

Pulmonary arteries

General Visceral Afferent (GVA)

27
Q

Where are Chemoreceptors found within the lower respiratory tract? What modality governs them?

A

Pulmonary veins (detects blood gases)

General Visceral Afferent (GVA)

28
Q

What is the motor division of the Vagus nerve that innervates lower respiratory tract?

A

General Visceral Efferent

Sympathetic and parasympathetic division

29
Q

What is the sympathetic function of the GVE modality of the vagus nerve to the lower respiratory tract?

A

Smooth muscles —> vasoconstriction
Glands —> inhibition
Vasculature —> vasoconstriction

30
Q

What is the parasympathetic function of the GVE modality of the vagus nerve to the lower respiratory tract?

A

Smooth muscle —> constriction
Glands —> increase secretion
Vasculature —> vasodilation

31
Q

What are the lymphatic plexuses of the lower respiratory tract?

A

Superficial plexus

Deep plexus

32
Q

What is the lymphatic pathway within the lower respiratory tract?

A

Tracheal nodes (lat. surface of trachea
—>
Tracheobronchial nodes (bifurcation of trachea)
—>
Bronchopulmonary nodes (hilum)
—>
Pulmonary nodes (bifurcation of larger bronchi)

33
Q

How does lymph leave the lower respiratory tract after moving to the trachea?

A

Via the left and right bronchomediastinal lymph trunk that drains to the Thoracic duct

34
Q

Where can you pierce the parietal pleural without entering the intercostal space?

A

Costovertebral angle (listen to recording)

35
Q

What is not present in bronchioles?

A

Hyaline cartilage plates

Cardio/Pulm 2017 (6 decks)

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