10/23 Lower Respiratory Tract - Carter 2017 (Completed) Flashcards
What structures are part of the lower respiratory tract?
bronchi
bronchial tubes
alveoli
How long is the trachea?
extends from C6 –> T4 (sternal angle)
3.5” - 5”
What makes up the structure of the trachea
20 U-shaped hyaline cartilaginous rings
posterior wall consisting of smooth muscle
What supplies the trachea?
superior thyroid a
inferior thyroid a
What are the characteristics of the right vs left primary bronchi?
the Right bronchus:
Large diameter
More vertical
not as long
How many lobes does the left and right secondary (lobar) bronchi have?
Right –> 3 lobes/bronchi
Left –> 2 lobes/bronchi
How many segments does the left and right tertiary (segmental) bronchi have?
Right –> 10 segments
left –> 8 segments
What branches off the tertiary (segmental) bronchi?
terminal bronchioles
What do we call bronchioles that contain alveoli?
respiratory bronchioles
What supplies and drains blood from the bronchiole system?
descending aorta gives 2 branches to the left and a single branch to the right
azygos v –> superior vena cava
What fissure is associated with both lobes?
oblique fissure
What fissure is associated solely with the right lobe?
horizontal fissure –> divides the upper and middle lobe
What does the oblique fissure of the right lobe divide?
middle and lower lobe
What does the oblique fissure of the left lobe divide?
superior and inferior lobe
What accommodates for the heart in the superior left lobe?
cardiac notch
What is the lingula?
a projection of the inferior part of the cardiac notch
What’s the most superior portion of the lungs?
Apex or cupola
What passes through the hilum of the lungs?
bronchi
lobar bronchi
bronchpulmonary lymph node
What is the pathway that supplies the lungs?
Right ventricle —> pulmonary trunk —> pulmonary a (splits into left/right) —> alveoli capillary network
What is important to understand about the surface area of alveoli capillary network?
The SA of alveoli capillary network much match the SA of the capillaries of all the organs of the body
What types of General Visceral Afferent neurons are found in the lower respiratory tract?
Stretch receptors Irritant receptors Tactile receptors Baroreceptors Chemoreceptors
What innervates the lower respiratory tract?
Vagus (CN X)
GVE and GVA
Where are stretch receptors found within the lower respiratory tract? What modality governs them?
Alveoli and smooth muscle
General Visceral Afferent
Where are irritant receptors found within the lower respiratory tract? What modality governs them?
Respiratory epithelium
General Visceral Afferent (GVA)
