Grapho phonemics 2 diagraphs 1 Flashcards
Values of diagraphs
ai, ay, ey,
ee, ea, ey
igh,
oa,
ew,
oo,
ou, ow
au, aw
oi, oy
ai, ay, ey : eɪ → payed, faith, day
ee, ea, ey : i: → bee, bead, piece
igh : aɪ → sigh, thigh, high
oa : əʊ → boat, approach, load
ew : (j)u: → new, pew, chew
oo : u: → loot; pool, tool
ou, ow : aʊ → now, row, how
au, aw : ɔ: → awful, taught, clause
oi, oy : ɔɪ → boy, toy, anoint
few irregular values
ee : i: → see, eel, teen, feel
oo : u: → soon, gloom, too, ooze
Exceptions
ʊ
good, hood, stood, foot, wood, soot, room
(soot and room ok aussi avec regular variant)
Exceptions ʌ
blood, flood
Exceptions əʊ
brooch
Exceptions oo+k
book, took, crook, shook, look, nook, partook, betook, overlook, cookie, cookery
Exceptions u:
snooker, spook, spooky
ai, ay ou ey
ai, ay ou ey → eɪ
aim, paid, pain, fail, quaint, maize, straight, cocaine, malaise, dainty, plaintive, acquaintance, pay, play, stay, gay, portrayal, obey, vein, they, rein, grey, outweigh, convey
BUT exceptions
i:→ quay = ˈkiː, key, conceit, deceit, receipt
ae→ plaid = ˈplæd
e→ said, says =ˈsɛd
aɪ→ aisle, Hawaiian
(Hawaii = /həˈwaɪi/ ou /həˈwa:i/ & eye, height, sleight, geyser
ow
→ aʊ (most common value) : crown, cow, fowl, browse, owl, vow, avw, ndow, powder..
→ many words pronounced with əʊ
bow, bowl, sow, to, show, owe, own, below, slow, blow, throw, row, crow, flow, grow, knosn, glow, mow
EXCEPT : (ac)knowledge with ɒ
<ou>
</ou>
<ou> → aʊ (most common valu) : foul, loud, pound, hound...
<ou+ lC> → əʊ : mouLD, shoulder, pouLTry, smoulder, bouLDer (ˈbəʊldər)
<ou + ble> ou <ou + ple> → ʌ : trouble, couple, double, couplet..
exceptions : rouble with u:
few words of french origin are pronounced with /u:/ : route, wound, group, soup, uncounth, acoustic, souvenir, boulevard
</ou>
Moscow
ˈmɒskəʊ
Homographs
same spelling but diff rnounciation
bow = un arc ˈbəʊ
bow = s’incliner ˈbaʊ
row = un rang ˈrəʊ
row = une dispute ˈraʊ
Exceptions <ou></ou>
soul with əʊ
young, touch country, cousin, southern with ʌ
Modals
could should would
forme réduite /ʊ/
forme réduite /ə/
→ ˈkʊd vs kəd
→ ˈʃʊd vs ʃʊd
→ ˈwʊd vs wəd
le <l> n'est pas pronconcé</l>
Variations on <ei></ei>
pronounced /aɪ/ / in words of several syll that are not stressed on the last syll : deictic, seismic, kaleidoscope, either, neither
exceptions :
seizure /i:/
heinous, peignoir, geisha, obeisance, surveillance with /eɪ /
leisure with /e/
<ei> + C + final <e> is pronounced /i:/ → deceive, receive, perceive, seize..
</e></ei>
ough
aʊ : bough, plough, slough, sough, chough
əʊ : dough, though, although, thorough
u: through, brougham
ʌf : rough, tough, clough, slough, enough
ʌp : hiccough
ɒf : /ɔ:f/ trough, cough
ɒk ou ɒx : lough
ə : borough, thorough
ou + ght
ou + ght → ɔ:
brought, nought, caught, thought, wrought, sought..
Exceptions : drough, (sécheresse) doughty (vaillant) with aʊ
<au> and <aw>
</aw></au>
<au> and <aw> → ɔ:
law; saw, fraud,, lawn, jaw, launch, cause, fraud , applaud, exhaust , nausea
(NB : AUstralia has variant with /ə/)
Exceptions :
/əʊ / : mauve, chauffeur, hautboy, sauté, aubergine, gauche, chauvinism / nist / nistic
gauge : eɪ
aunt, draught, laugh(ter) with aʊ
sauerkraut with /aʊə/
</aw></au>
<ea>
</ea>
ea → /i:/ (main value)
sea, bead, heal, zeal, feature, traty, measles, impeach..
ea → /e/ (second value)
head, realm, zealous, heaven, pleasure, already..
Exceptions :
break great steak with /eɪ/
idea, chorea, Korea, panacea, theatre, real with /ɪə/
<ea> pronounced
/i:/ or /e/ ? Irregular verbs
</ea>
deal, dream, lead, lean, leap, mean, read : /i:/
dealt, dreamt, lead, leant, leapt, meant, read : /e/
<ea> pronounced
/i:/ or /e/ ?
</ea>
breathe, clean, pleasae, mead : /i:/
breath, cleanse, pleasure, pleasant, meadow : /e/
