Graphic Communication (Drawings And Specifications) Flashcards
General Order of Construction Activities (8)
Preliminary Surveying
Site Protection
Clearing, Grubbing and Demolition
Topsoil Stripping and Stockpiling
Rough Grading
Finish Grading
Installation of Site Improvements
Planting and Seeding
Order of drawings based on discipline (6)
Civil Engineering
Landscape Architectural (including lighting and irrigation)
Electrical/Lighting
Mechanical Engineering
Architectural
Structural Engineering
What is the order of drawings within a landscape architect’s documentation based on?
Loosely based on the order of construction
Conventions to include on ALL construction drawings
North Arrow
Title Block
Commonly accepted scale and label for drawing
Conventions for Elevations and Details
Common scale, labelled drawings
Consistent scale amongst related details (e.g. pavement)
Place dimensions on the left/notations on the right
Typical / standard details first
During this phase the contractor will verify property boundaries, roadway geometries, limit of construction (limit of work) and other major dimensions. Identify stockpiling areas during this phase.
Preliminary surveying
What happens during the preliminary surveying phase?
During preliminary surveying, the contractor will verify property boundaries, roadway geometries, the limit of construction (or limit of work) line and other major dimensions, as well as identify stockpiling areas.
Components to include in the site protection phase?
- tree protection (including temporary transplanting)
- erosion and sediment control measures
- protection of any existing site elements to remain
What elements are part of the clearing, grubbing and demolition phase?
All existing site elements are demolished, abandoned or relocated per demolition plan.
I.e. trees, shrubs, rocks, structures, utilities
At which phase of construction would the contractor remove existing site elements to be demolished, abandoned or relocated?
Clearing, grubbing and demolition
What phase of construction would a contractor trench for utility lines?
Rough Grading
What is the tolerance level of rough grading?
6-12”
Sections of the technical specifications format
General
Product
Execution
CSI Division 00
General Project Requirements
CSI Division 01
General Requirements
CSI Division 02
Existing Conditions
CSI Division 03
Concrete
CSI Division 04
Masonry
CSI Division 05
Metals
CSI Division 06
Wood, plastics and composites
CSI Division 09
Finishes
CSI Division 12
Furnishings
CSI Division 31
Earthwork
CSI Division 32
Exterior Improvments
CSI Division 33
utilities
Other names for design specifications
Material and workmanship specifications
Three types of specifications
Design Specifications
Performance Specifications
Closed & Proprietary Specifications
Components of a design specification
Highly prescriptive, detailed instructions that state HOW the work will be conducted.
Contractor is not held liable if the end result is not achieved by following the specification.
Components of a performance specification
Contractor’s work satisfies the specification only if their work meetings the technical performance requirements outlined in the specifications
E.g. the compressive strength of the concrete shall be 3,000 psi
Closed & Proprietary Specifications
Closed specification requires a specific item or system
proprietary specifications are a type of closed specifications that specify a product where there is no allowance for alternatives.
reference Specifications
Introduced established tests or formal procedures into design or performance specifications
Standard specifications
An entire set of technical specifications that have been developed by an owners. Once developed they can be used across many projects with similar requirements.
When written as a ratio (i.e. 12:1) what comes first, horizontal or vertical distance?
Horizontal
What is contained in a bid form? (7)
Base bid price
Alternatives or modifications to the base bid and their price impact
Provisions for additional work
Time of completion
Bid Surety
Qualifications, financial statement, list of subs
Signature of a certification by the contractor
Project manual consists of 4 documents
Bidding Documents
General Conditions
Supplementary Provisions
Technical Specifications
Documents included in the bid documents (6)
Notice to bidders
Instructions to Bidders
Bid Form
Contract Form
Specifications
Project-specific attachments and exhibits (like geotechnical report)
This document outlines the rules under which a project will be built and contain “boilerplate” language that establishes the contract.
General Conditions
Which document include the following:
Notice to bidders
Instructions to bidders
Bid Form
Contract Form
Specifications
Addendum of project-specific attachments such as a geotechnical report
Bidding Documents
A document included in the project manual which augments the general conditions with project specific information. Can include cost-reporting requirements, traffic control measures, and specific information about material substitutions.
Supplementary Provisions
Concave Slope Contour Signature
Contour lines that are spaces at increasing distance in the downhill direction. Meaning the slope is steeper at the higher elevations and becomes progressively more flat at the lower elevations.
Convex slope contour signature
Contour lines are spaced at decreasing distances in the downhill direction. The slope is flatter at the higher elevations and becomes progressively steeper at the lower elevations
Measuring invert elevations
note that invert elevations are always measured from the bottom of the interior surface of the pipe
reference to include on drawing for subsurface drainage (on grading plan)
designation for material, diameter, length, and slope
There are four general phases to grading activities during construction:
STEP 1: Site preparation
STEP 2: Rough grading/bulk excavation
STEP 3: Backfilling and fine grading
STEP 4: Finish surfacing.
When to place grade stakes
The last step in preparing a site for excavation is the placement of grade stakes. Grade stakes are used to indicate the amount of cut or fill necessary to achieve the proposed subgrade.
To be included in the vicinity map:
Bolder Street Names of adjoining streets
Scale
North arrow
Project site boundaries with natch
Components requirements of a cover sheet
Project location map
Vicinity Map
Project Description
Sheet Index
Licensure stamp
Standard plan information to include on all drawings
Title block
North arrow
Graphic scale
Site survey information showing existing conditions to remain
Limit of work line
Purpose of a layout plan
Establish the horizontal position, orientation an extent of specific design elements
Which plan establishes the horizontal layout of the project elements
Layout plan
Which plan establishes the vertical position of the design elements
Grading plan
Typically included in a layout plan beyond Standard Plan Graphics/Information
Property lines with bearings and distances
Easements, setbacks, and survey benchmarks
Final reference notes to supplement graphic instruction and general notes
What sheet would show lighting, if a separate lighting plan is not provided
Layout plan
What layout method is demonstrated in this image?
Perpendicular offset
What layout method is represented in the image
Baseline system
A layout system used to locate curvilinear elements that do not require a high degree of accuracy. Offsets are taken at fixed intervals from the reference point to the edge or centreline of the proposed element
Baseline systems
When should a coordinate layout system be used? (4)
Projects with irregular geometry when a baseline is difficult to establish
Landscape design is not related to a building in construction
Complex topography existing
Small scale work such as residential gardens
Key station points in a stationing layout
Full stations (100 ft intervals)
Half Stations (50 ft intervals)
High / Low Points
Street intersections
Beginnings / ends of curves
In this image, what is the:
point of vertical curve (PVC)
Point of vertical intersection (PVI)
Point of vertical tangency (PVT)
Superelevation
Superelevation is the cross-slope of a road from the outside edge to the inside edge, and is a necessary design feature on high-speed curves to counteract centrifugal force and to improve traction on the roadway surface.
The cross-slope of a road from the outside edge to the inside edge, to counteract centrifugal force on high-speed curves and to improve traction on the roadway surface.
Superelevation
Proposed landscape architecture improvements including pavement/hardscape, joint locations and conditions, walls and wall types, site furnishings, guardrails, handrails and fencing would be included on which plan?
Materials plan
what plan would include signage
materials plan
three primary documents used in solicitation of bids by an owner
Invitation to bid
Instructions to Bidders
Bid Form
information regarding award of contract and rejection of bids would generally be found in what bid document
instructions to bidders
Hot dip galvanizing
dipping metal in molten zinc (reduces rusting)
