grant et al

Question 1

context dependent memory definition

Answer 1

memory improved if the environment that learning takes places in the same environment memory is recalled

Question 2

outshine hypothesis definition

Answer 2

predicts that context dependent memory will benefit recall but not recognition tasks because the recognition items act as such strong retrieval cues that they “outshine” environmental cues.

Question 3

background of grant et al

Answer 3

godden and baddeley studied context dependent memory for the memory of deep sea divers, with a list of words learnt underwater and on land. when the environment matched, this is where memory was better

Question 4

aim of grant

Answer 4

aimed to investigate context-dependent memory effects on both recall and recognition for meaningful information (as opposed to just lists of words)

Question 5

sample

Answer 5

8 psychology students who recruited 5 participants each, making there 40 participants, where 39 were recorded who’s age ranged from 17-56 years (17 females and 23 males)

Question 6

procedure

Answer 6

participants were asked to read an article once over on psychoimmunology with a pair of headphones
half of participants listened with background noise, or without background noise
background noise was from a uni cafe
they then completed recall and recognition questions about the article, again done with or without listening to the background noise

Question 7

how many questions did they get

Answer 7

10 recall questions and 16 multiple choice recognition questions

Question 8

results for recall questions (remember information with no prompts)

Answer 8

silent-silent condition- 6.7
noisy-noisy condition- 6.2
silent noisy- 5.4
noisy- silent- 4.6

Question 9

results for recognition question (remember information with prompts)

Answer 9

silent silent- 14.3
noisy-noisy- 14.3
silent noisy- 12.7
noisy- silent- 12.7

Question 10

conclusions

Answer 10

supports context dependent memory when the information is meaningful compared to non meaningful such as a list of words
both recall and recognition of information is better when the context matches – participants recalled significantly more information about the article when the study and test conditions matched