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GI > Grand Tour of Alimentary Canal > Flashcards

Grand Tour of Alimentary Canal Flashcards

1
Q

4 Functions of the digestive system

A

Digestion
Secretion
Absorption
Motility

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2
Q

Names of the 3 pairs of Salivary Glands

A
  1. Parotid salivary gland
  2. Sublingual salivary gland
  3. Submandibular salivary gland
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3
Q

Role of mouth in digestive system

A

Breakdown food by chewing

Add saliva as lubricant

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4
Q

Does food move passively down oesophagus?

A

Nah, peristalsis is a wavelike contraction of muscle in the oesophagus that can actively move food against gravity

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5
Q

Role of stomach in digestive system

A 
Digestion of proteins
Reduce foodstuffs to liquid 
Sterilization
Storage (convenience) 
Production of intrinsic factor
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6
Q

Role of liver in digestive system

A

Produce bile salts for lipid digestion

Absorb fats from blood

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7
Q

Role of gallbladder in digestive system

A

Store and concentrate bile

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8
Q

Role of small intestine in digestive system

A

Chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

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9
Q

Role of large intestine in digestive system

A

Water absorption

Bacterial fermentation and formation of faeces

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10
Q

How does the stomach prevent dumping syndrome?

A

Dumping syndrome is movement of nutrients into small intestine too quickly (can be painful). Stomach can store food and allow for controlled release into intestine

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11
Q

Approximate distance from oesophagus to rectum?

A

8m

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12
Q

The alimentary canal has the same general structural organization throughout, what are the 4 distinct layers of the tube?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa/adventitia

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13
Q

3 layers of the mucosa?

A 
Epithelium
Lamina propria (loose CT - mostly unspecialized, some immune cells/lymph nodules)
Muscularis mucosae (thin SM - support)
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14
Q

How does the mucosal epithelium differ along the digestive tract?

A

Mouth, oesophagus and anal canal - stratified squamous

Stomach, small and large intestine - simple columnar

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15
Q

Functions of mucosal epithelium in the digestive tract?

A

Barrier separating lumen of alimentary canal from body
Synthesis and secretion of - digestive enzymes, hormones and mucus
Absorb products of digestion

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16
Q

Function & structure of submucosa?

A

Thick, irregular CT to support mucosa
Contains nerves, blood and lymph vessels, main supply for serosa and muscularis externa
Submucosal glands in the oesophagus and duodenum

17
Q

Arrangement of neurones in submucosa?

A

Form an extensive network, the submucosal (Meissner’s) plexus (parasympathetic)

18
Q

Structure & function of serosa/adventitia?

A

Protective CT layer around the canal

19
Q

Difference between serosa and adventitia?

A

serosa is inside the peritoneal cavity, adventitia is outside of it and connects to surrounding structures

20
Q

Describe layers of the muscularis externa

A

Inner layer - circular fibre orientation, constrict the lumen
Outer - longitudinal fibres, shortens the cana

Work to produce motility - peristalsis & segmentation

21
Q

Nervous system that allows for independent gut function and its constituents

A

Enteric Nervous System (ENS) - part of ANS

Myenteric plexus between layers of muscularis externa + submucosal (Meissner’s) plexus

22
Q

Nerves and action of parasympathetic system on alimentary function

A

Mostly via vagus nerve
(except salivation - facial (VII) and glossopharyngeal (IX)

Stimulatory action - increase secretion and motility

23
Q

Nerves and action of sympathetic system on alimentary function

A

Via splanchnic nerves

Inhibitory action - except for salivation

24
Q

Parts of GI tract supplied by celiac trunk

A

Stomach
Small intestine
Pancreas
Liver

25
Q

Parts of GI tract supplied by superior mesenteric artery

A

Small intestine
Caecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon

26
Q

Parts of GI tract supplied by inferior mesenteric artery

A

Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum

27
Q

Venous drainage of stomach and pancreas?

A

Stomach - gastric veins

Pancreas - splenic vein

28
Q

Describe venous drainage of the rest of the GI tract (not stomach & pancreas)

A

Superior mesenteric vein drains what it’s corresponding artery supplies, same goes for inferior mes v.

Inferior mesenteric then drains to splenic, splenic and superior mes. drain to hepatic portal vein
Hepatic portal - hepatic - IVC

GI (46 decks)

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