Grammatik Flashcards
Translation Rule: It / They
3rd P S er/sie/es - ist;
3rd P Pl Sie sind
it / they
Note when translating “IT” you must follow the gender
3rd Person Sing.
Der - er = ie. der Tee: er ist gut
Die - sie = ie. die Milch: sie ist gut
Das - es = ie. das Buch: es its gut
for “THEY” no distinction is made for gender, it is always sie.
to distinguish whether ‘sie’ means she or they, look at the word that follows:
ie. sie ist (which means she is)
sie sind (which means they are)
Fall - Kasus (case of which there are 4)
Nominativ (nominative)
Wer oder Was?
Nominative Case
WHO or WHAT?
- nominative marks the Subject of the verb
- is used for the subject and /predicate nominatives.
- Who is doing the action (of the verb)
Genitiv (genitive) Kasus
Genitive case
- is used to express ownership/possession
Dativ (dative) Kasus
Wem?
Dative case
To Whom?
For Whom?
[furthermore: Wo? (Where?) / Woher? (Wherefrom?)]
- is used for the indirect object
- is a noun or pronoun to whom the action is being done
- the Receiver of the direct object
- The indirect object is the beneficiary of the action in the sentence. Usually it’s a person
Akkusativ (accusative) Kasus
Was?
Wen?
Accusative case
WHAT?
WHOM?
[furthermore: Wohin? (Whereto?)]
- is used for the direct object
- the object of which somthing is being done.
- The direct object receives the action of the verb
Do-ee?
ARTIKEL
Bestimmer Artikel (Nom Case): der / die / das / die (pl)
Unbestimmer Artikel (Nom Case): ein / eine / ein
Negativ Artikel (Nom Case): kein / keine / kein / keine (pl)
Possesiv Artikel (Nom Case):
mein / meine / mein / meine (pl)
dein / deine / dein / deine (pl)
[Examples above are only for the Nominitiv Case]
DECLINATION occurs with these Nomen, Pronomen, articles, etc.
Articles
Definite Article: THE
- when you refer to a person, place or thing
- and, it must AGREE with the accompaing noun; that is it takes the same Case, Gender and Number as that NOUN.
Indefinite Article: A
- refer to a person or thing without specifing the identity
- and, it must AGREE in Case and Gender with the Noun they accompany.
Negative Article: Kein is a negative adjective, and corresponds to the English word No.
Possesiv Article: Mine, yours, theirs
Wissen or Kennen ?
Welches Verben?
both verbs are: ‘to know’
Wissen:
Should be used when we want to express a fact, something that we have knowledge about.
A good guideline: The answer would requiere a phrase as opposed to a noun or pronoun and most of the time you would have a subordinate clause which starts with ” dass, wie, wann, wo, wer, warum …”.
Kennen:
Should be used when we want to express that we are familiar with a person or a place.
A good hint is:
The answer should be either a noun or a pronoun:
Transbarre Verben
rules
CANNOT SEPERATE WITH Prefixes:
be, ent, emp, er, ge, miss, ver, zer, miß
Imperitiv Tense
Person Directed toward
Trennbare Verben follow same rules as before
split the verb, with prefix at end of statement
zb Aufstehen Steh bitte auf! ( stand up please)
zuhören Hör mir zu! (listen to me)
Address your request , command, suggestion, etc to Three Different People. These are:
du: 2nd P Sing.
Sie: 3rd P Sing or 2nd P Formal
ihr: 2nd P Plural
zB. verben - schreiben
du: schreib!
Sie: schriben Sie!
ihr: schreibt!
NOT COMPLETE
Adjektiv / Komparativ / Superlativ
zB.
- klein, kleiner , kleinste
- gross, grösser , am grössten
- alt, älter, am ältesten
Adjective / Comparitive / Superlative
to form the Komparativ add “-er” to the adjektiv
to form the Superlativ add ‘am’ and then ‘ -ste’ to the adjektiv
…OR add ‘-(e)st plus the appropriate adjektiv ending…….Der/Die/Das versus ‘am’……
One syllable Adjektivs require vowel change ‘a, o , u ‘ to umlaut
This / That / Which
The = Der / Die / Das This = Dieser / Diese / Dieses That = Jener / Jene / Jenes Which = Welcher / Welche / Welches
-after The or This: Adjektiv ending add an ‘-e’
Translation of This / That / Which
Deklination of the adjective / (substantive)
