Grammatical Development and Morphology

Question 1

ONE WORD STAGE

Answer 1

• Holophrase/Holophrastic - When more than 1 group of words have been learnt altogether as one collective word. (Eg. allgone)
• Own words limited, child’s understanding of syntax more advanced as they respond to two word two-word instructions or unusual requests

Question 2

Mean Length Utterance (MLU)

Answer 2

Looking at the individual morphemes used by children instead of words. MLU is a measure of children’s ability to produce stretches of language. Higher MLU = Higher level of language proficiency.

Question 3

TWO WORD STAGE (~18m)

Answer 3

• Typically grammatically correct sequence of Subject + Verb, when repeating may omit words but still grammatically correct.

Question 4

TELEGRAPHIC STAGE

Answer 4

Has more meaning and child starts to use 3+ words. As child moves to post stage will incorporate function words more.

Question 5

Question acquisition stages - 1st stage

Answer 5

Use upward intonation

Question 6

Question acquisition stages - 2nd stage

Answer 6

4W’s - What, Where, Why, When (in that order)

Question 7

Question acquisition stages - 3rd stage

Answer 7

Yes/No interrogatives - Use a copula verb (auxiliary verb used to join a subject to extra information) & change word order. (Eg. Can I go? from I can go)

Question 8

Bellugi’s stages of negatives - 1st stage

Answer 8

uses no/not at the beginning of a sentence

Question 9

Bellugi’s stages of negatives - 2nd stage

Answer 9

Move’s no/not into the sentence

Question 10

Bellugi’s stages of negatives - 3rd stage

Answer 10

Attaches negative to auxiliary verb and copula verb ‘be’ securely. (Eg. No I don’t want to go to nursery I am not)

Question 11

Bellugi’s pronouns stages - 1st stage

Answer 11

Child uses own name

Question 12

Bellugi’s pronouns stages - 2nd stage

Answer 12

Child recognises I/me and that these are used in different places within a sentence

Question 13

Bellugi’s pronouns stages - - 3rd stage

Answer 13

Child uses them according to whether they’re in the subject/object position within a sentence (Eg. I play with the toy)

Question 14

Overgeneralisation

Answer 14

A learners extension of a word meaning or grammatical rule beyond its normal use

Question 15

Virtuous error

Answer 15

Syntactic errors made by young children in which the non-standard utterance reveals some understanding, though incomplete of standard syntax

Question 16

Brown order of inflection acquisition

Answer 16

(20-36 months)
1. ing
2. s (plural)
3. s (possessive)
4. a, the (determiners)
5. ed
6. s (3rd person singular verb ending)
7. be (primary auxiliary - changing ending)

Question 17

Jean Berko - Wugs (THEORY)

Answer 17

Overgeneralisations provenin 1950’s study where Berko asked them what it’s called when there’s a plural. Most had the common sense to say ‘Wugs’

Question 18

POST-TELEGRAPHIC STAGE

Answer 18

• Conjunction in clauses/subordinating conjunctions
• Manipulate verb aspects and using tenses
• Constrict longer noun phrases

Question 19

Morpheme

Answer 19

Smallest significant unit of grammar:
- A free morpheme can stand alone
- A bound morpheme must be linked to a free one

Question 20

Affixation

Answer 20

When prefixes/suffixes are attached to words

Question 21

Inflectional morpheme

Answer 21

Type of bound morpheme
- Gives extra information about a lexical information

Question 22

Derivational Morpheme

Answer 22

Bound morpheme
- Creates a completely new word