Grammatical Analysis Flashcards
What is a collocation?
- Words that go together
- Fish and chips
- Safe and sound
What is active voice?
- A clause construction with the agent noun phrase in subject position
- Focus lies upon the agent, if we look for blame we look to the agent
What is “police shoot hostage” an example of?
Active voice
Police= Agent Hostage= Affected
What is passive voice?
A clause construction with the affected noun phrase in subject position
What is “hostage shot by police” an example of?
Passive voice
Hostage= Affected Police= Agent
What is the subject, agent and affected of the sentence “The child chased the dog”?
Subject= The
Agent= Child
Affected= Dog
What does passive voice consist of?
- Auxiliary verb ‘to be’
- Main verb as past participle
What is an adverbial?
A phrase modifying a verb
What is the affected?
The noun impacted upon by the action of the verb
What are adverbs?
- Give extra meaning to a verb, adjective, another adverb or a whole sentence
- E.g. I ‘REALLY’ (adverb) enjoyed (verb) the party
- E.g. ‘REALLY’ (adverb) he should do better (sentence)
What is a preposition?
- Words such as: at, over, by, with
- Usually followed by a noun phrase
What do prepositions often indicate?
Time- AT midnight, DURING the film, ON friday
Position- AT the station, IN a field, BY the car
Direction- TO the station, OVER a fence
Possession- OF this street
Accompaniment- WITH me
What are the types of conjunction?
- Co-ordinating
- Subordinating
- Fronted
What are co-ordinating conjunctions?
- and, but, or, so
- Join 2 clauses of equal weight (do you want to go now OR shall we wait a bit longer?)
What are subordinating conjunctions examples?
- When (ever)
- While
- Before
- After
- Since
- If/ As
- Because
- Although
- That
- Until
- Once
- Where (ever) (as)
- Unless
- Whether
- Than
- Like
What is an example of a defining relative clause?
The house THAT I live in
What is an example of a non defining clause?
The house WHICH I live in
What is anaphoric referencing?
- When a word or phrase refers to something mentioned earlier in the discourse
- Michael went into the bank, HE was annoyed because IT was closed
What is cataphoric referencing?
- When a word or phrase refers to something mentioned later in the discourse
- Although I phone HER every day, my mum still complains I don’t speak to her enough
- The BOOK was there on the table, I’d never read Moby Dick
What is exophoric referencing?
- When a word or phrase refers to something outside of the discourse
- THEY’RE late again
- IT’LL get cold
What is cultural capital?
- Using a word or phrase with no further explanation because there is an assumption the audience know who or what it is
- Using someones name and not explaining who they are because it’s assumed the audience is already aware
- COP21 stated that..
What is deixis?
- Context bound information only relevant to the conversation
- The use of general words and phrases to refer to a specific time, place or person in context
- tomorrow, there, they
What is a vocative?
- Names
- Family titles: mummy, dad, auntie
- Labels: sir, madam, ladies, gentlemen
- Terms of endearment: sweetheart, love, darling
- Titles: nurse, doctor, councillor
What is a negative participle?
- Using not before the participle verb
- NOT knowing the baby slept, she phoned
- NOT seeing the bus, she stepped into the road
- NOT saying anything, she left
What is a past participle?
- Adding ed or d to the root of the verb
- jumped, excited
What are hypernyms?
- A word with a broad meaning constituting a category
- Colour, dog
What is ellipsis?
When a word has been deleted from a sentence
What are oxymorons?
- When 2 words that oppose each other are paired together
- Delicious poison
What is a metaphor?
- A figure of speech that describes an object or action which isn’t true
- Her eyes were diamonds
What are fronted conjunctions?
- Conjunctions used at the front of a sentence
e.g. but/had
