Grammar - Week 17 Flashcards
Three characteristics of verbs
In both English and Latin, verbs change their form to express person, number, and tense. (There are actually more than three but we will study only three.)
The grammatical concept of person
Grammatical person indicates either 1st person (the person speaking: I, we), 2nd person (person spoken to: you), 3rd person (person spoken of: he, she, it, they)
Principal Parts
The Principal parts are the four main forms on whose stems all the other forms of the verb are built.
The sign of the 1st congutation
All verbs whose present infinitive active ends in -āre belong to the 1st conjugation.
Four principal parts of 1st conjugation (laudō)
The endings of the four principal parts of hte 1st conjugation are: -ō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus. (laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātus)
Finding and using the present stem
The present stem is found by dropping the ending from teh 2nd principal part and the present, imperfect, and future tenses are placed on the present stem.
Personal endings of verbs
The personal endings of all Latin verbs are:
-ō or -m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt
Distinguishing feature of the 1st conjugation
The ending in the 1st conjugation begins with a.
Three present tense forms in English
The three present tense forms in English are: 1. You praise. 2. You are praising. 3. You do praise.
