Grammar Skills

Question 1

Modeling

Answer 1

an instructional strategy in which the teacher demonstrates a concept or skill and students learn by observing

When a teacher encounters a difficult word in a text, she thinks aloud to model how she can use the context clues to discover the meaning.

Question 2

Declarative Sentence

Answer 2

A sentence that makes a statement or gives an opinion.

I love my job.

Question 3

Exclamatory Sentence

Answer 3

A sentence that expresses emotion. ex: Surprise! We won the game!

Question 4

Compound Sentence

Answer 4

Two independent clauses joined by a comma and coordinating conjunction. ex: Dogs are mammals, but lizards are reptiles.

Question 5

Prescriptive Grammar

Answer 5

grammar that follows the rules set forth by tradition and formal language

Question 6

Interrogative Sentence

Answer 6

A sentence that asks a question ex: how long will it take to get there?

Question 7

Transition Words

Answer 7

Phrases and words used to link sentences, paragraphs, and ideas together. ex- First, next, last, on the other hand

Question 8

Present Perfect Tense

Answer 8

describes things that began in the past and continue to the present. ex- I haven’t seen you in such a long time! I have been working a lot.

Question 9

Appositive Phrase

Answer 9

restates a preceding term by expanding upon it or explaining it in a qualifying statement between two commas. ex- New York City, the largest city in the United States, has a population of around 8.6 million people.

Question 10

Coordinating Conjunction

Answer 10

connects two clauses. ex- for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

Question 11

Complex Sentence

Answer 11

An independent clause and a dependent clause

Since you’re going to the store, can you buy some milk?

Question 12

Infinitive Phrase

Answer 12

Includes that infinitive (to + verb) and the additional words that serve as the object of modifiers in the phrase. ex- I want to eat the candy.

Question 13

Compound-Complex Sentence

Answer 13

Two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. ex- While we are in town, we should stop at the hardware store, and you can buy a new hammer.

Question 14

Future Perfect Tense

Answer 14

describes something that will be completed at some point in the future. ex-

By the end of the year, I will have saved enough money to buy a car!

Question 15

Subordinating Conjunction

Answer 15

a conjunction used at the beginning of a subordinate clause. ex- because, although, even though, since

Question 16

Simple Sentence

Answer 16

A sentence containing one subject and one verb, or one independent clause. ex-The dolphin lives in the ocean.

Question 17

Phrase

Answer 17

a term of two or more words that convey an idea when used together

We were waiting for you.

Question 18

Future Tense

Answer 18

describes things that have not yet happened. ex-I am going to meet some friends after work. I will call you later.

Question 19

Past Perfect Tense

Answer 19

describes things that were completed before some point in the past. ex- I couldn’t see because I had lost my glasses.

Question 20

Prepositional Phrase

Answer 20

a phrase that describes the relationship between a noun and a pronoun or another word in the sentence. ex- She sat in the seat in the middle.

Question 21

Descriptive Grammar

Answer 21

grammatical rules and structures as they are spoken or written by everyday speakers. ex- “I seen him yesterday.”

Question 22

Noun Phrase

Answer 22

a group of words that act as a noun in a sentence; includes a noun and words that modify the noun. ex- The red car is parked in the driveway.

Question 23

Past Tense

Answer 23

describes things that have already happened. ex- I visited my parents last weekend.

Question 24

Independent / Main Clause

Answer 24

clause that can stand alone as a complete sentence. ex- I went shopping last weekend.

Question 25

Gerund Phrase

Answer 25

a type of appositional phrase that modifies a gerund (or verb+ing) and behaves like a noun. ex- Drinking water when it’s hot outside can prevent you from becoming dehydrated.

Question 26

Present Tense

Answer 26

describes what is happening right now. ex- I am studying for an exam.

Question 27

Dangling Modifiers

Answer 27

a grammatical error that occurs when the modifying phrase is missing the word it intends to describe

Question 28

Participle Phrase

Answer 28

a phrase that modifies a participle - a term with a verb ending in “-ed” or “-ing” - to serve as an adjective. ex- Tired after a long walk, the dog slept in the corner.

Question 29

Dependent / Subordinate Clause

Answer 29

clause that begins with a subordinating conjunction but cannot stand alone as a sentence even though it contains a subject and verb. ex- While we were shopping, she spent her whole paycheck.

Question 30

Interjection

Answer 30

A very short sentence that conveys strong emotions. ex-Wow!

Question 31

Think-Aloud

Answer 31

a teaching strategy in which a teacher states his/her thoughts aloud to demonstrate how the students should go about solving a problem or understanding a text. ex- Math teachers model thinking by reading a problem aloud and verbalizing figuring out what it is asking what needs to be done. Language arts teachers ask themselves questions about the text as they read aloud.

Question 32

Misplaced Modifiers

Answer 32

a grammatical error that occurs when the modifying word or phrase is not placed next to the word it is describing

Question 33

Verb Phrase

Answer 33

a type of appositional phrase that modifies a verb. ex- The baby was crawling on the floor.