Grammar - Language Levels

Question 1

Grammar

Answer 1

The whole organisation and structure of a language - sentences and words.

Question 2

Prescriptivist

Answer 2

If you take this approach it means you focus on the rules of grammar and believe in being correct and accurate.

Question 3

Descriptivist

Answer 3

If you take this approach it means you focus on how language is actually used. You accept that language changes and that there is no right way to speak or write.

Question 4

Syntax

Answer 4

x1 Main area of Grammar.
How words (lexical items) are ordered into phrases, clauses and sentences.

Question 5

Morphology

Answer 5

x1 Main area of Grammar.
The study of word formation and the meaningful parts of words.

Question 6

Morpheme

Answer 6

The smallest element of meaning smaller than a word.

Question 7

Morpheme (long definition)

Answer 7

A word or a part of a word that has meaning. It cannot be divided into smaller meaningful segments without changing its meaning or leaving a meaningless remainder.

Question 8

Affix - Prefix

Answer 8

A morpheme placed before another.

Question 9

Root

Answer 9

The most basic part of a word - it has NO prefixes or suffixes.

Question 10

Affix - Suffix

Answer 10

A morpheme placed after another.

Question 11

Inflectional Function

Answer 11

A function of an Affix.
When an affix changes grammatical function of the word but not its meaning. E.g. tense.

Question 12

Derivational Function

Answer 12

A function of an Affix.
When an affix creates a new word with a new meaning.

Question 13

Phrase

Answer 13

A group of words that are grammatically connected and defined by its head.

Question 14

Noun Phrase

Answer 14

A group of words built around a head noun and function as a noun.

Question 15

Head Noun

Answer 15

The main noun in the phrase

Question 16

Pre-modifier

Answer 16

A word or words that go before the head to add detail or clarity.

Question 17

Qualifier

Answer 17

An additional word or phrase that adds further detail to the noun.

Question 18

Post-modifier

Answer 18

A word or words that go after the head to add further detail or clarity.

Question 19

Verb Phrase

Answer 19

A group of words built around a verb and function as a verb.

Question 20

Head Verb

Answer 20

The main verb in the phrase.

Question 21

Primary Auxiliary Verb

Answer 21

A verb that helps show the tense.

Question 22

Modal Auxiliary Verb

Answer 22

Shows someone’s degree of commitment.

Question 23

Clause

Answer 23

A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb that have a relationship.

Question 24

Subject

Answer 24

Key focus ON the verb - acts ON the verb

Question 25

Object

Answer 25

The entity being act upon.

Question 26

Complement

Answer 26

An attitude of the subject.

Question 27

Adverbial

Answer 27

The circumstances of the verb - time, manner, place, frequency, degree, conjunction.

Question 28

Active Voice

Answer 28

Agent is in subject position; verb phrase in past or present tense.
E.g. Beast seriously injuries baby.

Question 29

Passive Voice

Answer 29

Agent omitted or placed later in the clause use a prepositional phrase.

Question 30

Agent

Answer 30

The noun phrase or pronoun that identifies the person or thing which initiates or performs an action in a sentence

Question 31

Simple Sentence

Answer 31

A sentence consisting of only one main clause with a single subject and predicate.

Question 32

Predicate

Answer 32

The part of a sentence or clause containing a verb and stating something about the subject.

Question 33

Compound Sentence

Answer 33

A sentence containing at least two main clauses connected with either a semicolon or comma that is followed by a coordinating conjunction.

Question 34

Complex Sentence

Answer 34

A sentence containing one main clause and a subordinate clause or clauses connected together with a subordinating conjunction.

Question 35

Independent (Main) Clause

Answer 35

A clause that can form a complete sentence standing alone, having a subject and predicate.

Question 36

Dependent (Subordinate) Clause

Answer 36

A clause, typically introduced by a conjunction, that forms part of and is dependent on a main clause. Cannot stand alone as a sentence.

Question 37

Subordinating Conjunction

Answer 37

A conjunction that introduces a subordinate clause, e.g. although, because - everything else that’s not coordinating conjunctions.

Question 38

Coordinating Conjunction

Answer 38

A conjunction placed between words, phrases, clauses, or sentences of equal rank. E.g. For And Nor But Or Yet So are all the coordinating conjunctions.

Question 39

Article

Answer 39

An article comes before the noun. There is one definite article: “the.” There are two indefinite articles: “a” and “an.” The articles refer to a noun.

Question 40

* add the different nounss idk if thats lexis but the different adjectives*