Grammar

Question 1

Morphology

Answer 1

Word formation

Question 2

Syntax

Answer 2

Order and structure within the larger units of phrases, clauses, and sentences

Question 3

Morpheme

Answer 3

The smallest grammatical unit

Question 4

Free morpheme

Answer 4

A morpheme which can stand on its own as a word

Question 5

Affix (or bound morpheme)

Answer 5

A morpheme that cannot stand on its own as a word, but combines with others to create a new word

Question 6

Phrase

Answer 6

A group of words centred around a head word

Question 7

Head word

Answer 7

The central word in a phrase which gives the phrase its name (e.g. noun phrase, adjective phrase) and may be modified by other words

Question 8

Modification

Answer 8

The adding of words to provide more detail to a head word in a phrase either before it (pre-modification) or after it (post-modification)

Question 9

Clause

Answer 9

A group of words centred around a verb, which may be either grammatically complete (main clause) or incomplete( subordinate clause)

Question 10

Active voice

Answer 10

A clause where the agent (doer) of an action is the subject

Question 11

Passive voice

Answer 11

A clause where the patient (the entity affected by an action) is in the subject position, and the agent either follows or is left out

Question 12

Tense

Answer 12

How the time of an event is marker (usually through verb inflection): past, present or future

Question 13

Aspect

Answer 13

Another element of marking the time of an event, by specifying whether they are progressive (ongoing) or perfective (completed)

Question 14

Coordination

Answer 14

The joining of two or more independent clauses via co-ordinating conjunctions. Single words and longer phrases can also be co-ordinated.

Question 15

Subordination

Answer 15

The joining of two or more clauses where only one is independent (the main clause) and the others dependent (subordinate)

Question 16

Sentence

Answer 16

A larger unit of meaning, which may be formed of a single clause (simple sentence) or several clauses (compound or complex sentence). Minor sentences are sentences without a verb.

Question 17

Sentence function

Answer 17

The purpose a sentence fulfils in communication: as a statement, question, command, or exclamation. These are also referred to in many grammar books as (respectively): declaratives, interrogatives, imperatives and exclamatives.

Question 18

Word class

Answer 18

The grammatical category into which words can be placed, including noun, adjective, verb, adverb, determiner, pronoun, preposition, conjunction

Question 19

Determiner

Answer 19

A modifying word that determines the kind of reference a noun or noun group has (e.g. a, the, every)

Question 20

Preposition

Answer 20

A word governing, and usually preceding a noun of pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause, as in ‘the man on the platform’/’what did you do it for?’

Question 21

Conjunction

Answer 21

A word used to connect clauses or sentences (e.g. and, but, if)

Question 22

Inflectional function

Answer 22

How free morphemes combine with affixes to show tense or number

Question 23

Derivational function

Answer 23

How free morphemes combines with affixes to form new words