Grammar Flashcards
Indirect object pronouns
To/for me. To/for us
To / for you( informal). To you plural
To/for he,she,it,you (formal)
To/for them, you (formal)
They are placed before the verb unless infinitive or command
He bought us some gifts.
Me. Nos
Te. Os
Le. Les
El nos compró unos regalos.
To describe a noun which is close to speaker
Masculine…This. These
Feminine ….This. These
This restaurant is my favourite.
Este ……Estos
Esta …….Estas
Este restaurante es mi favorito.
To describe a noun that is not very close.
That. ……Those (masculine)
That. …….Those (feminine)
Bring me that shirt please.
Ese. ……Esos EHS - say
Esa. ……Esas EHS- saw
Tráigame (formal imperative) esa camisa, por favor.
To describe a noun that is far away.
It is used regularly, so you should recognize it, but when speaking just use Ese / Esa / Eso when something is not very close at hand.
That over there (M) …..Those over there
That over there (F) …….Those over there
Those buildings over there are the oldest in the city.
Not that one, the one over there.
Aquel …..Aquellos
Aquella …..Aquellas
Aquellos edificios son los más viejos de la ciudad.
Ese no, aquel.
Demonstrative pronouns(replace nouns) In this case you have demonstrated what you are talking about “this \_\_\_”, and therefore use the appropriate gender form -“este or esta”. This one here
These here
I want this one here (pointing to a loaf of bread)
I want this one here (pointing to a shirt)
NOTE The first “E” should have an accent in all forms of demonstrative pronouns. Note:the accent is no longer required.
Éste / Ésta
Éstos / Éstas
Yo quiero éste.
Yo quiero ésta.
To replace a noun not very close
That one there
Those ones there
Those are the most beautiful. ( referring to something Feminine)
Those are the most beautiful. ( referring to something Masculine)
Ese / Esa
Esos / Esas
Esas son las más bonitas.
Esos son los más bonitos.
To replace a noun far away from the speaker
That over there
Those over there
Those over there are the bosses.
NOTE The “e” should have an accent.
Aquél / Aquélla
Aquéllos / Aquéllas
Aquéllos son los jefes.
Where is any (unspecified) …
Where is a bank?
Where is (specified)….
Where is the TD Bank?
Donde hay un / una…
Donde hay un banco?
Donde está el / la …
Donde está el banco TD?
Do you know where there is a restaurant ?
Do you know where is the restaurant Mirmar?
Sabe donde hay uno restaurante?
Sabe donde está el restaurante Mirmar?
This book – these books (right here)
That book – those books
That book over there
Those books over there
Este libro — Estos libros
Ese libro —Esos libros
Aquel libro —-Aquellos libros
This woman — these women (right here)
That women — those women (there)
That woman —- those women (way over there)
Esta mujer —Estas mujeres
Esa mujer — Esas mujeres
Aquella mujer —Aquellas mujeres
When “this or that” replaces a noun which is unspecified, abstract or just an idea. There is NEVER a noun following Esto / Eso / Aquello
If the noun does not immediately follow “this” in the sentence use “esto/eso”, even if it is specified later in the sentence and is feminine.
This
That
That over there
This is a shirt.
This is absurd. That is fantastic.
Esto
Eso
Aquello ( a- KAY- yo )
Esto es una camisa.
Esto es absurdo.
Eso es fantástico.
Some or One
In Spanish there is no word for “any” so they use “some”.
Some want to earn more.
In this case “Some” is a noun
Uno — Unos
Una — Unas
Unos quieren ganar más .
If “Some” were an adjective then use “Algún,Alguno / s, Alguna / s”
Anyone or Anybody / Someone or Somebody
No one or Nobody
Is anyone here?
Nobody is here.
Alguien ( AL -gee-en )
Nadie (nah- DYEA)
Hay alguien aquí?
No hay nadie.
Something
Nothing
Anything more?
No, nothing more, thank you.
Algo
Nada
Algo más?
Nada más gracias.
