grammar Flashcards
what is grammar
The way individual words are structured and arranged together in sentences.
grammar is comprised of rules which connect the way communication systems work
prescriptivists approach
is one that gives hard and fast rules about what is right and wrong often with little explanation
- distinguished in classes
- wanted a standard grammar
descriptivist approach
is a scientific approach to the study of language and observes linguistics
two elements of grammar
morphology and syntax
define the two affixes
A suffix is a word part added to the end of a word
A prefix is a word part added to the beginning of a word or base word
derivational
changes to a word class or original meaning
inflectional
functional or grammatical change in word eg:cat”s”
auxiliary verbs
modal auxiliary:that is usually used with another verb to express ideas such as possibility, necessity, and permission.
primary auxiliary:The primary auxiliary verbs are ‘be’, ‘have’ and ‘do’
what are clauses
phrases that form a larger structure called clauses these are groups of words centered around verb phrases and its constituent elements
subject
usually a noun phrase, usally the focus of the clause
object
usually a noun phrase, being acted on
complement
is the attribute of the subject
adverbial
identifyes the cricumstance usally and adverb
what is agency?
The relationship of the subject and verb is called agency.
what is a coordinated clause
it is two clauses that are of equal status both can make sense on their own and are joined together and/or
what is a subordinating clause
it cannot make sense on its own and has to be a main clause for it to make sense
what is an adverbial clause
An adverbial clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adverb
what are the four types of scentsicles
he four types of sentences are declarative sentences, imperative sentences, interrogative sentences, and exclamatory sentences
what’s an orthographic sentence
stylistic purposes
parallel structures
Parallel structure means using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance
embedded clauses
An embedded clause is a type of subordinate clause that is placed within another clause and is usually marked by commas
Morphology
The forms and formations of words in a sentence
how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language. It analyzes the structure of words and parts of words such as stems, root words, prefixes, and suffixes.
Syntax
syntax, the arrangement of words in sentences, clauses, and phrases,
