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SPANISH A-LEVEL > GRAMÁTICA PRACTICE > Flashcards

GRAMÁTICA PRACTICE Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES?

A

●Mi/s + noun
●Tu/s + noun
●Su/s + noun
●Nuestro/a/s + noun
●Vuestro/a/s + noun
●Su/s + noun

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2
Q

what are the POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS?

A

●Mio/a/s
●Tuyo/a/s
●Suyo/a/s
●Nuestro/a/s
●Vuestro/a/s
●Suyo/a/s

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3
Q

DEFINITE articles

A

(the): el/la/los/las

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4
Q

INDEFINITE articles

A

un/una/algunos

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5
Q

FEMININE ENDINGS (adj)

A

A/DAD/CIÓN/SIÓN

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6
Q

MASCULINE ENDINGS (adj)

A

O/AJE/ISTA/MA/OR

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7
Q

what must adjectives agree with?

A

●GENDER
●NUMBER
(-o for masc and -a for fem and -e for either gender)

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8
Q

how does a DEFINITE article change?

A

●if the noun is MASC/FEM
SINGULAR OR PLURAL

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9
Q

2 exam key words for either gender

A

●TESTIGO
●JUEZ
(usually la testigo/juez)

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10
Q

why is it EL AGUA for example?

A

●stress is on the first ‘a’ so the feminine noun needs a masculine definite article

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11
Q

why does it become LAS AGUAS?

A

●the plural ‘s’ separates the stress from the first ‘a’ so can become a feminine definite article

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12
Q

RULES FOR ADVERBS

A
  • add a preposition to the adj.
    e.g. aparentemente-> al paracer
    -add ‘con’ with a noun e.g.
    rapidAmente-> con rapidez
  • to change into an adverb you take adj. change to fem. ending ‘a’ and add ‘mente’ to the end = adverb
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13
Q

present IRREGULARS: radical changing

A
  • e.g. volver, the ‘stress’ is on the ‘o’
    so becomes: vuelvo, vuelves, vuelve, volvemos, volveis, vuelven
    (the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 6th CHANGE)
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14
Q

present IRREGULARS: 1st person irregulars

A
  • e.g. conocer becomes conoZCo (only 1st person form changes
    then the rest are: conoces, conoce, conocemos, conoceis, conocen
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15
Q

the COMPLETE IREGULARS

A

-SER: soy
-ESTOY: estoy
IR: voy

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16
Q

present IRREGULARS: ortographic changes

A

-dirigir -> dirijo
-elegir-> elijo
-fingir-> finjo
-distinguir -> distingo
-perseguir-> persigo
-surgir-> surjo

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17
Q

BTF (back2front) verb: MOLESTAR

A

to bother/annoy

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18
Q

BTF (back2front) verb: HORRORIZAR

A

to horrify/ to appall

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19
Q

BTF (back2front) verb:
HACER GRACIA

A

to be funny to someone/ to be amused

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20
Q

BTF (back2front) verb:
CAER BIEN/ MAL

A

to get on well/ badly WITH

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21
Q

BTF (back2front) verb:
DOLER

A

to hurt

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22
Q

BTF (back2front) verb:
IMPORTAR

A

to mind/ to care ABOUT

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23
Q

BTF (back2front) verb:
ENCANTAR

A

to like very much/ be delighted by

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24
Q

BTF (back2front) verb:
INTERESAR

A

to be interested IN

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25
Q

BTF (back2front) verb:
REPUGNAR

A

to disgust

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26
Q

BTF (back2front) verb:
QUEDAR

A

to remain/ to have something left

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27
Q

BTF (back2front) verb:
PREOCUPAR

A

to worry

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28
Q

BTF (back2front) verb:
PARECER

A

to seem/ it looks like

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29
Q

BTF (back2front) verb:
IRRITAR

A

to irritate

30
Q

BTF (back2front) verb:
FASCINAR

A

to fascinate

31
Q

BTF (back2front) verb:
CANSAR

A

to tire

32
Q

BTF (back2front) verb:
CONVENIR

A

to suit

33
Q

BTF (back2front) verb:
HACER FALTA [can’t use necesito!]

A

to need for a purpose/ to be necessary

34
Q

what are the 4 RULES FOR BTF VERBS? (specific: GUSTAR)

A

•1- check for pronoun
e.g. mi/tu/le/nos/os/les
•2- endings for ONLY 3RD PERSON singular: he/she/it
or plural: they
•3- definite article (THE) :
el/la/los/las only IF there’s a noun
4- ♡ check to see if you have all 3 steps connecting them

35
Q

what 3 things must must reflexive verbs need to have

A

●an infinitive
●an imperative
●an “ING” ending

36
Q

REFLEXIVE verb: ABURRIR(SE)

A

to bore-> to be bored

37
Q

REFLEXIVE verb: ACORDAR(SE) de

A

to agree-> to remember

38
Q

REFLEXIVE verb: ACOSTAR(SE)

A

to put to bed-> to go to bed

39
Q

REFLEXIVE verb: DESPEDIR(SE) de

A

to fire-> to say goodbye

40
Q

REFLEXIVE verb: DORMIR(SE)

A

to sleep-> to fall asleep

41
Q

REFLEXIVE verb: IR(SE)

A

to go-> to go away/ leave

42
Q

REFLEXIVE verb: MORIR(SE)

A

to die abruptly e.g. accident
-> or to die of a natural cause

43
Q

REFLEXIVE verb: NEGAR(SE) a

A

to deny-> to refuse

44
Q

REFLEXIVE verb:PARECER(SE) a

A

to seem-> to resemble

45
Q

REFLEXIVE verb: PONER(SE)

A

to put-> to put on

46
Q

REFLEXIVE verb: PROBAR(SE)

A

to try/ to taste-> to try on

47
Q

REFLEXIVE verb: QUITAR(SE)

A

to take away-> to take off

48
Q

(SUMMARIES) how does present tense change from the “I” and “we” form?

A

[AR] o -> a
[ER/IR] o -> e

amos-> an
emos -> en
imos-> en

49
Q

(SUMMARIES) how does the preterite tense change from the “I” and “we” form?

A

[AR] é -> ó
[ER/IR] í -> ío

amos -> aron
imos -> ieron [ER/IR]

50
Q

(SUMMARIES) how does the imperfect tense change from the “I” and “we” form?

A

[AR] aba = aba (he/she/it) !!
[ER/IR] ía = ía (he/she/it) !!

ábamos -> aban
íamos -> ían

51
Q

(SUMMARIES) how does the future tense change from the “I” and “we” form?

A

[AR/ER/IR] inf. + é -> + á

[AR/ER/IR] inf. + emos -> + án

52
Q

(SUMMARIES) how does the present perfect tense change from the “I” and “we” form?

A

[AR/ER/IR] he -> ha

[AR/ER/IR] hemos -> han

(WITH ENDINGS + ado/ido depends on verb, but 1st part doesn’t change on AR/ER/IR)

53
Q

(SUMMARIES) how do pronouns change from the “I” and “we” form?

A

me -> LE / SE (same person)

nos-> LES / SE (same person)

54
Q

(SUMMARIES) how does the conditional tense change from the “I” and “we” form?

A

[AR/ER/IR] ía = ía (he/she/it) !!

[AR/ER/IR] íamos = ían

55
Q

(SUMMARIES) how does ME alegrO change?

A

changes to SE alegrA
as both me and “o” of alegro are in the SAME first person form = both become he/she/it

56
Q

(SUMMARIES) how does NOS desperAMOS change ?

A

changes to SE desperAN
as both nos and “amos” of “desperamos” are in the SAME 3rd person form = both become they form

57
Q

(SUMMARIES) how does ME suponE change ?

A

changes to LE suponE
because me is in 1st person but suponE is in 3rd person (he/she/it) so are DIFFERENT
have to use LE instead so both are in 3rd person

58
Q

(SUMMARIES) how does NOS gustA el español change ?

A

changes to LES gustA
because nos is in the we form and gustA is in the he/she/it form so have are DIFFERENT so have to use LES so it’s in they form and gustA agrees with the noun español

59
Q

FUTURE IRREGULAR: caber (to fit)

A

changes to CABR+

60
Q

FUTURE IRREGULAR: hacer (to do)

A

changes to HAR+

61
Q

FUTURE IRREGULAR: decir (to say)

A

changes to DIR+

62
Q

FUTURE IRREGULAR: poder (to be able to)

A

changes to PODR+

63
Q

FUTURE IRREGULAR: querer (to want)

A

changes to QUERR+

64
Q

FUTURE IRREGULAR: salir (to leave, to go out)

A

changes to SALDR+

65
Q

FUTURE IRREGULAR: tener (to have)

A

changes to TENDR+

65
Q

FUTURE IRREGULAR: venir (to come)

A

changes to VENDR+

66
Q

FUTURE IRREGULAR: poner (to put)

A

changes to PONDR+

67
Q

FUTURE IRREGULAR: valer (to be worth)

A

changes to VALDR+

68
Q

FUTURE IRREGULAR: haber (to have)

A

changes to HABR+

69
Q

FUTURE IRREGULAR: saber (to know)

A

changes to SABR+

SPANISH A-LEVEL (15 decks)

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