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MICROBIO > GRAM -VE > Flashcards

GRAM -VE Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 gram negative cocci

A
  1. Neisseria
  2. Moraxella
  3. Veillonella
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2
Q

What type of bacteria is Neisseria?

A

Gram-negative cocci that is facultative aerobic

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3
Q

Appearance of Neisseria on gram stain?

A

Pink;

Cocci - found in pairs, tetrads, short chains & clusters

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4
Q

List 2 species of Neisseria that are pathogens

A
  1. Neisseria gonorrhoeae

2. Neisseria meningitidis

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5
Q

List 2 species of Neisseria that can be found in the oral cavity

A
  1. Neisseria subflava

2. Neisseria sicca

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6
Q

Are the Neisseria species early or late colonizers of tooth?

A

Early

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7
Q

Name a similarity and a difference between Neisseria subflava and Neisseria sicca

A

S: N. subflava and N. sicca are saccharolytics and polysaccharide producing bacteria found in the mouth
D: N. subflava produces a yellow-green pigment but N. sicca does not produce pigment.

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8
Q

State a difference between Neisseria and Moraxella

A

Neisseria is saccharolytic (i.e. produces polysaccharide) but Moraxella is asaccharolytic (i.e. does not produce polysaccharide)

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9
Q

Name a species of Moraxella

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

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10
Q

What do most strains of Moraxella produce? Why is that a danger?

A

Most strains produce B-lactamase –> complicates antibiotic therapy

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11
Q

Where can Moraxella catarrhalis be found?

A

Commensal of the mouth and upper respiratory tract

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12
Q

What is Moraxella catarrhalis a significant pathogen of?

A

Meningitis, endocarditis, otitis media, maxillary sinusitis

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13
Q

Similarity between Moraxella and Veillonella

A

Both are asaccharolytics (both do not ferment carbohydrates)

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14
Q

Where can Veillonella be found?

A

Mouth and dental plaque

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15
Q

Function of Veillonella

A

Catabolises lactic acid to weaker organic acids (acetate and propionate); hence raising pH of the oral cavity

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16
Q

Name the most common species of Veillonella

A

Veillonella parvula

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17
Q

Where can veillonella parvula be found?

A

Oral cavity and intestines

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18
Q

Name 3 species of Veillonella

A
  1. Veillonella Parvula
  2. Veillonella Dispar
  3. Veillonella Atypica
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19
Q

Define GNAB

A

GNAB = Gram negative anaerobic bacteria - They are a large proportion of oral bacteria found especially in the gingival sulcus and periodontal pocket that is difficult and fastidious to study.

20
Q

Name 3 motile GNAB

A
  1. Selenomonas
  2. Centipeda
  3. Helicobacteria
21
Q

Name 6 non-motile GNAB

A
  1. Bacteriodes
  2. Porphyromonas
  3. Prevotella
  4. Tannerella
  5. Fusobacterium
  6. Leptotrichia
22
Q

What are selenomonas associated with?

A

Periodontitis / Periodontal disease

23
Q

Describe the appearance of Selenomonas

A

Cresent (moon-shaped) with many flagellae

24
Q

Name 3 species of Selenomonas

A
  1. Selenomonas Sputigena
  2. Selenomonas Flueggei
  3. Selenomonas Noxia
25
Q

Name a species of Centipeda

A

Centipeda Periodontii

26
Q

Describe the appearance of Centipeda

A

flagellae arising from all around the cell

27
Q

Name a species of Helicobacter

A

Helicobacter pylori

28
Q

What does helicobacter pylori cause?

A

gastritis, gastric cancer, peptic ulcers

29
Q

Describe the appearance of bacteroides on a CBA

A

Produces a dark pigment

30
Q

Name a species of bacteroides. Where can it be found?

A

Bacteroides fragilis; found in mouth and GI tract (esp in the colon)

31
Q

Where does the dark appearance of certain species of bacteria on CBA come from?

A

Dark appearance comes from the iron scavenging molecules on the surface which require an external heme as the iron source

32
Q

Where can porphyromonas be found?

A

Exclusively in gingival sulcus and periodontal pocket

33
Q

Name a species of Porphyromonas and the associated disease

A

Porphyromonas gingivalis; frequently associated with periodontitis

34
Q

Name 3 black pigmented bacteria

A
  1. Porphyromonas gingivalis
  2. Prevotella intermedia
  3. Prevotella nigrescens
35
Q

Are porphyromonas saccharolytic or asaccharolytic?

A

Asaccharolytic

36
Q

What is the source of energy for Porphyromonas?

A

Environmental amino acids and peptides - Porphyromonas produce proteases to access them. They degrade serum albumin, immunoglobulins, haemoglobins and host tissue proteins

37
Q

Name 3 species of Prevotella

A
  1. Prevotella Intermedia
  2. Prevotella Nigrescens
  3. Prevotella Dentalis
38
Q

Are Prevotellas saccharolytic or asaccharolytic?

A

Saccharolytic - Breaks down sucrose into acetic acid and succinic acid

39
Q

Which Prevotella species correlates with periodontitis severity?

A

Prevotella intermedia

40
Q

Which Prevotella species is present in high numbers at healthy sites?

A

Prevotella Nigrescens

41
Q

List the bacteria involved in gum disease in sequence

A
  1. Streptococcus
  2. Actinomyces
  3. Porphyromonas gingivalis & Prevotella intermedia
42
Q

How do the conditions for bacterial growth below the gingival margin differ from the tooth surface?

A
  1. Conditions are more anaerobic (requires carbon dioxide)

2. Nutrients come from the gingival tissues rather than food and saliva (gingival crevicular fluid)

43
Q

Describe the structure of Spirochaetes

A

Spirochaetes are helical shaped bacteria with a central protoplasmic cell and 3-5 axial filaments or flagellae within the outer cell envelope

44
Q

What disease does a fuso-spirochaetal complex cause?

A

ANUG (Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis)

45
Q

Bacteria involved in Acute Necrotising Ulcerative Gingivitis

A

Fusobacterium nucleatum

Treponema vincentii

46
Q

Periopathogens

A

Treponema Denticola
Porphyromonas Gingivalis
Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans

MICROBIO (16 decks)

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